(ii) Rs 3000
(iii) Rs 2000
(iv) Rs 6000
What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different
countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development
different from the one used by the World Bank?
5. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with
your own examples related to development.
7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking
than Maharashtra. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and
should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
8 Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What
could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?
Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Answers
Answer:
1.The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is the per capita income or average income of a person in a country.
Limitations of this criterion:
It does not tell us about how this average income is distributed among the people in the individual countries. Two countries with the same per capita income might be very different with regard to income distribution. One might have equitable distribution of income while the other might have great disparities between the rich and the poor.
2. The criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development is different from the one used by the World Bank in following ways:
i) UNDP measures development on the parameters of education, health and per capita income whereas World Bank measures the same only on the basis of per capita income.
ii) UNDP ranks the countries on the basis of development whereas World Bank classifies them into three categories: rich countries, middle income countries and poor countries.
iii) UNDP has a broader framework to measure development whereas World Bank has a narrow framework to measure the same.
5. Answer: We use averages as they are useful for comparing differing quantities of the same category. This does not show the distribution of things between people. There are limitations of calculating averages because this does not give any information about the distribution of a thing between people. For example, the per capita income does not show the distribution of income. It does not show the percentage of the poor in the population.
7. No, I do not agree with the statement that per capita income is not a useful criterion at all. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Maharashtra because, human development ranking is determined using a combination of factors such as health, education, and income. So, this does not imply that per capita income is not useful. Rather, per capita income is one of the development factors and can not be neglected. The World Bank uses per capita income as the criterion for measuring development and comparing states. But this criterion has certain limitations because of which determination of Human Development Index (HDI) is done using this criterion along with some other development factors like health, education etc. If the rate of population growth, is higher than the rate of growth of national income, this will lead to fall in per capita availability of goods and services and economic welfare.
8. The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cow dung and solar energy. At present, consumption of energy in India is too high in comparison to its production and reserves. India’s known reserves of oil are expected to last about 30-40 years only. So, therefore, other possibilities fifty years from now could include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and better utilisation of wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, hydrogen energy, tidal energy, wave energy, hydroelectric energy and biomass energy especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out.
Explanation:
hope you like it if yes make me brainlist