ii. What do you know about the traders and craft persons of
medieval period?
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Answer:
Since traders had to pass through many kingdoms and forests, they usually travelled in caravans and formed guilds[associations for certain tasks]to protect their interests. Manigramam and Nanadesi were two such guilds. These guilds traded extensively both within the peninsula and with Southeast Asia and China.
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Traders
There were many kind of traders including Banjaras. (2016 Prelims Question)
Since traders had to pass through many kingdoms and forests, they usually travelled in caravans and formed guilds[associations for certain tasks]to protect their interests. Manigramam and Nanadesi were two such guilds.These guilds traded extensively both within the peninsula and with Southeast Asia and China.
The towns on the west coast were home to Arab, Persian, Chinese, Jewish and Syrian Christian traders.
At the same time Kabul [Afghanistan]became politically and commercially important from the 16th century onwards. Trade in horses was primarily carried here. Slaves were also brought here for sale.
Craftpersons
The craftspersons of Bidar were so famed for their inlay work in copper and silver that it came to be called Bidri.
The Panchalas or Vishwakarma community, consisting of goldsmiths, bronzesmiths, blacksmiths, masons and carpenters, were essential to the building of temples.
They also played an important role in the construction of palaces, big buildings, tanks and reservoirs.
Similarly, weavers such as the Saliyar or Kaikkolars emerged as prosperous communities, making donations to temples.
Some aspects of cloth making like cotton cleaning, spinning and dyeing became specialised and independent crafts.