Question

II.
Write down the Temperature, Rainfall and Soil required for the following crops.
Crop
Temperature
Soil
Rainfall
Rice
Wheat
Tea
Coffee
Rubber
Jute​

Answer 1

Answer:

Rice

1. Temperature:

Rice is a tropical crop and grown where the average temperature during the growing season is between 20°C and 27°C.

Abundant sunshine is essential during its four months of growth. The minimum temperature should not go below 15°C as germination cannot take place below that temperature.

2. Rainfall:

Paddy requires more water than any other crop. As a result, paddy cultivation is done only in those areas where minimum rainfall is 115 cm. Although the regions are having average annual rainfall between 175—300 cm are the most suitable.

Paddy also needs flooded conditions with the depth of water varying over 25 mm at the time of transplanting to as much as 150 mm for 10 weeks of the growing period.

3. Soils:

Paddy is grown in wide range of soil, from the podzolic alluvium of China to the impermeable heavy clay of central Thailand. Fertile riverine alluvial soil is best for rice cultivation.

Clayey loam soil in monsoon land is considered to be the best for rice cultivation as water retention capacity of this soil is very high. Rice is also grown in saline areas of deltic region. Rice cultivation needs high fertilizer appli­cation.

2. Wheat

1. Temperature:

The temperature required for wheat during growing season is around 15.5°C. The weather should be warm and moist during the early stage of growth and sunny and dry in the later stages.

The average temperature of the hottest month should not exceed 20°C. A frost-free period of 100 days is usually required but some fast-ripening varieties may mature only in 90 days.

2. Rainfall:

The amount of rainfall required for wheat cultivation varies between 30 cm and 100 cm. The major wheat lands of the temperate regions have an annual rainfall of 38 cm to 80 cm. The spring wheat region of Canadian Prairies only receives around 46 cm of rainfall, but it comes in the early summers when the wheat is growing.

Wheat is also grown in areas having lesser amount of rainfall, i.e., 25 cm. This has been done by adopting dry farming method. Also where irrigation facil­ities are available, wheat is cultivated in dry lands also.

3. Soils:

The soil suitable for wheat is either light clay or heavy loam. The world’s best wheat comes from the chernozem soils in the ‘Black Earth’ region of the Ukrainian Steppes, the dark brown soil of North America and also the grey brown podzolic soils of the deciduous forest region.

3.  Tea

a) TEMPERATURE:

Tea requires uniformly high temperature 20°-30° C throughout the  year. Frost is harmful for the tea leaves.

b) RAINFALL:

An annual rainfall of an 150 -300 cm is essential for the growth of tea.

c) SOIL:

Tea requires a deep acidic and fertile soil.

4. Coffee

(a) Temperature:

Coffee requires an average temperature between 20°-27°C. Although it grows in day temperature over 32°C in the Arabian Peninsula. Growth is most rapid during hot rainy season and during cool dry season berries ripen and ready for picking. Bright sunshine and warm weather are necessary for the harvesting.

(b) Rainfall:

Coffee needs abundant rainfall, i.e., 100 to 200 cm annually. The hill slopes which receive orographic rainfall are thus best for coffee cultivation.

c) Soils:

Soil is the guiding factor in coffee plantation. The ideal soil is one with a good sub-surface drainage, and one that is easily workable. The presence of humus and other nitrogenous matter in the soil is an advantage.

5. Rubber

(i) Temperature : It is a tree of the tropical forests, and requires a constant high temperature above 25°C. Thus, the rubber tree cannot be grown at high altitudes.

(ii) Rainfall : It needs heavy and well distributed rainfall throughout the year. The plant needs rainfall more than 200 cm.

(iii) Soil: The plant requires alluvial or laterite soil. Areas of Production :

India ranks fifth among the world’s natural rubber producers. The state of Kerala is the largest producer of rubber in India. Kerala accounts for about 91% of the total area under rubber plantation. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and The Andaman and Nicobar islands including the Garo Hills of the Himalayas are the other producers.

6. Jute

Temperature: 25°C is ideal for jute cultivation.

Rainfall: 150 cm to 200 cm rainfall is essential for jute cultivation. Moisture in the wind is necessary.

Soil: New alluvial or loamy soil or river basin is ideal for jute cultivation.

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