Question

(iii) Assertion (A): Peasants and workers not successful in bringing about a change in the French

social and economic order.

Reason (R): They lacked the means and programmes to carry out full-scale measures.

(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is correct but R is wrong.

(d) Both A and R are wrong.​

Answer 1

Option A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is The Correct Explaination Of (A)

Answer 2

option - a Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A is the correct answer.

Assertion (A): Peasants and workers not successful in bringing about a change in the French social and economic order. - True.

Reason (R): They lacked the means and programmes to carry out full-scale measures. - True.

• The majority of people found work as labourers in workshops where owners set their wages.
• However, earnings did not increase at the same rate that prices did. So, the wealth gap between the rich and the poor grew wider.
• Every time a drought or hail diminished the harvest, things became worse.
• This caused a subsistence crisis, which was common throughout the Old Regime in France.
• Workers and peasants have previously taken part in uprisings against rising taxation and food shortages.
• However, they lacked the resources and plans necessary to implement comprehensive policies that would alter the current social and economic structure.
• This was left to the third estate's more affluent people who also had access to new ideas and knowledge.
• The middle class emerged in the eighteenth century and gained power through the expansion of international trade and the production of items like woollen and silk fabrics that were either exported or purchased by the wealthier segments of society.
• The third estate featured occupations such as lawyers or administrative personnel in addition to retailers and producers.
• They were all educated people who thought that no group in society should have advantages due to birth.
• A person's social standing should be determined by his or her merit.
• Philosophers like John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau advanced these concepts, which envisioned a society built on liberty and fair laws and opportunities for all.
• Locke attempted to disprove the idea that the monarchy had a divine and unassailable right in his Two Treatises of Government.
• The concept was developed further by Rousseau, who proposed a type of governance based on a social contract between the people and their representatives.
• Montesquieu proposed a separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government in The Spirit of the Laws.
• After the thirteen colonies proclaimed their independence from Britain, this form of governance was implemented in the USA.
• For French political theorists, the American constitution's guarantee of individual rights served as a crucial model.
• These philosophers' ideas were vigorously debated in salons and coffee shops and disseminated among readers of books and newspapers.
• For the benefit of individuals who couldn't read or write, these were commonly read aloud in groups.
• Anger and outrage over Louis XVI's tax increases were sparked by reports that he intended to do so in order to pay for state expenses.

Hence, both assertion and reason are true and reason given for the assertion made is correctly explained.

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