Question

III. Descriptive type questions
A. Short answer questions
1. Define weather and name the factors affecting the weather of a place.
2. Name at least five instruments used by meteorologists for weather forecasting.
3. List the factors affecting the climate of the Earth and of a place.
4. Name a few animals who have adapted to hot and dry climate.
5. List the general characteristics of animals living in hot and wet climate.
6. Apart from polar bear, which other animals are well suited to live in extremely cold climate and why?​

Answer 1

III

• A1.Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere and includes temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloudiness, visibility, pressure, and winds. Weather, as opposed to climate, includes the short-term variations of the atmosphere, ranging from minutes to months.

Answer 2

Answer:

1.) Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere and includes temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloudiness, visibility, pressure, and winds. Weather, as opposed to climate, includes the short-term variations of the atmosphere, ranging from minutes to months.

2.) Devices used to measure weather phenomena in the mid-20th century were the rain gauge, the anemometer, and the hygrometer. The 17th century saw the development of the barometer and the Galileo thermometer while the 18th century saw the development of the thermometer with the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales.

3.) ocean currents. direction of prevailing winds. shape of the land (known as 'relief' or 'topography') distance from the equator.

4.) Camels have adapted to survive hot deserts because they:

have humps to store fat which a camel can break down into water and energy when nourishment is not available;

rarely sweat, even in hot temperatures so when they do take in fluids they can conserve them for long periods of time;

5.) (i) A white fur, fat below skin, keen sense of smell. (ii) Thin skin, large eyes, a white fur. (iii) A long tail, strong claws, white large paws. (iv) White body, paws for swimming, gills for respiration.

6.) The other animals living in polar regions include a variety of fishes, reindeers, seals, whales, foxes and birds. While fish are able to remain underwater for long periods of time and survive the cold weather, the birds cannot do that. They migrate to warmer regions till the winter gets over.