Illustrate the modern concept of covalent bond formation with energy diagram
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The Lewis Concept of Covalent Bonding failed to explain the geometry and magnetic properties of molecules.
In 1927, Heitler and London put forward Valence Bond Theory (VBT). In 1930, Hund, Huckle and Mullikan put forward Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT). Both theories account for bond energies, bond length and shape of covalent molecules. According to both theories:
A Covalent Bond is formed by the overlapping or interpenetrating (fusion) of two atomic orbitals, each containing a single electron.
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