Question

Imagine a political leader reborn in a post in independent India . What political and social changes he will find as compared to pre – independence period?

Answer 1

Explanation:

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Answer 2

There are various social and political changes that one can find after India independence when compared to pre-independence

Explanation:

Social Changes

• The Constitution guarantees the people of India fundamental rights and ensures dignity, freedom and justice. All people are equal and under the same authority's jurisdiction. In the late 1960s, the privately owned purses were also abolished, issued to princes and feudal lords. The source of acceptance of status and power is no longer linked tobirth. The provision of social respect and rights no longer requires faith, language , caste and ethnicity. Special facilities & provisions for their betterment were nevertheless given for the weaker segments of Indian society , especially the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes (STs), the Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
• The field of education has made considerable progress. There is education at the primary level for over 100 million children. There is also a remarkable rise in the numbersat the secondary level. Education has also grown tremendously at the college & university levels. The Indian govt has also taken on a separation in education at higher, college and university levels. Education has facilitated citizens migration from towns & cities. Hindi &other national languages have been given greater focus. In all the states of India, the three-language learning scheme at school level has been introduced.
• The States of India, on the basis of the recommendations made by the States Reorganization Commission in 1955, were revamped.  -- each state has "some cultural cohesion",since this was done on the basis of language spoken by the people. India was defined by the peculiar form of feudalism, wherein  rajas, thikanedars, jagirdars and zamindars were regarded as Mai-Bap (parents) First, such patri-monial feudalism was abolished and the privy purse" & "compensation" given to the rajas also abolished.
• This was a 'revolutionary' move since tenants obtained rights of possession. Subsequently, steps for land reform were taken to merge small farms and ceilings on the largest land holdings. Through Green Revolution and the reforms and also the introduction of modern technologies, fertilisers & seeds in the agriculture sector was made possible. India is now food-grain independent, although in the 50's and early 60's the USA and some other countries relied upon it to demand food grains.
• In order to discourage child marriages, sati, infanticide and the initiation of widow remarriages, the British had introduced social rules. In 1955 the Hindu Marriage Act was passed by the Govt of India and in 1956 the Hindu Succession Act. Legislation was also enforced to dissuade children from working. Strict legislation has now been enforced against the dowry institution. Untouchability is a criminal offence, according to the Indian Constitution. The law on equal pay for workers and the elimination of intermediaries and the Zamindari institution led to minimum remuneration for poor workers in the towns and villages.

Political Changes

• The post-independence policies of India are full of turbulence and achievements. Indian politics saw everything from the rise of politicians and Demagogues to the development of political parties and national recognition. It was a journey of transition and turmoil aimed at building a united nation and a competitive economy.
• After independence there were many problems such as the community-based violence after the partition, the killing of Mahatma Gandhi, the nation 's father in 1948, and for those who had recently come to power, it became little too difficult to unite princely states. The first important step toward peace was to enact a Constitution and become a "sovereign, democratic and republic." The government of Nehru has been honoured, rightly so, to create a "planed economy and to initiate an industrialisation process." 
• The dominant influence of Indira Gandhi dominated Indian politics in the 1970's.  For another reason the time was especially critical – the struggle of the Congress to remain active. People's frustration with widespread corruption has begun to gain traction in all facets of government. In 1975, Gandhi proclaimed emergency in what was later called one of the most oppressive steps, seeking to muffle all differences.
• Five years as Prime Minister, PV Narasimha Rao was the reason for  the new economic birth Indian economy. The new Congress govt hadopened the floodgates of economic reforms under the auspices of then Minister of Finance Manmohan Singh, which has reduced Rajiv Gandhi to socialist policies. From 1996 onwards  Indian politics entered a coalition period, regularly withdrawing support to avoid a stable administration.

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