Imagine the year is 2111 .you are an archaeologist excavating the area around your house.List ten items you find in the course of excavation (Related from History Chapter 1)
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Archaeological excavation
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Excavations at the site of Gran Dolina, in the Atapuerca Mountains, Spain, 2008
Excavations at Faras, Sudan, 1960s
Excavations at the cave of Santa Ana (Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain)
In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains.[1] An excavation site or "dig" is the area being studied. These locations range from one to several areas at a time during a project and can be conducted over a few weeks to several years.
Excavation involves the recovery of several types of data from a site. This data includes artifacts (portable objects made or modified by humans), features (non-portable modifications to the site itself such as post molds, burials, and hearths), ecofacts (evidence of human activity through organic remains such as animal bones, pollen, or charcoal), and archaeological context (relationships among the other types of data).[2][3][4][5]
Before excavating, the presence or absence of archaeological remains can often be suggested by, non-intrusive remote sensing, such as ground-penetrating radar.[6] Basic information about the development of the site may be drawn from this work, but to understand finer details of a site, excavation via augering can be used.
During excavation, archaeologists often use stratigraphic excavation to remove phases of the site one layer at a time. This keeps the timeline of the material remains consistent with one another.[7] This is done usually though mechanical means where artifacts can be spot dated and processed through methods such as sieving or flotation. Afterwards, digital methods are then used record the excavation process and its results. Ideally, data from the excavation should suffice to reconstruct the site completely in three-dimensional space.
Contents
1 History
2 Motivation
2.1 Development-led archaeology
3 Concepts
3.1 Site formation
3.2 Stratification
3.3 Phasing
4 Methods
4.1 Stratigraphic excavation
5 Tools and techniques
5.1 Mechanical excavation
6 Recording
6.1 Single context recording system
6.2 Digital recording
7 Finds processing
7.1 Flotation
7.2 Sieving
7.3 Spot Dating
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
History