Imoprtant Notes on Chapter 2 Components of food.
Answers
Answer:
Food: It is the group of edible substances which provide energy to the living beings and repair the old tissues and build the new tissues.
Nutrition: The process of consuming nutrients required for the growth and development of our body and to obtain energy is known as nutrition.
Our food contains three main substances called nutrients. These are fats, proteins and carbohydrates. In addition, our body requires water, salts (minerals), vitamins and fibres.
Diet: It is the amount of food eaten by a person at a time.
Malnutrition: If a person does not get adequate food, or if his/her diet does not contain all the nutrients, he or she becomes weak. When the body does not get adequate nutrition, it is said to be suffering from malnutrition.
Various food components are grouped in three classes:
Energy giving food: Carbohydrates and fats.
Bodybuilding food: Proteins.
Protective food: Vitamins and minerals.
Carbohydrates
Grains such as rice, wheat, sorghum, peas, beans, sago (sabudana), sugarcane, sugar beet, many fruits like banana, mango and melons and vegetables are good sources of carbohydrates.
Cellulose, starch, sucrose, glucose and fructose are the important carbohydrates found in our food.
Starch turns iodine solution to dark blue or black.
Components of Food Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 2 1
Fats
Fats are obtained either from plants or from animals. Groundnut oil, soybean oil and mustard oil are examples of fats derived from plants. Fats like butter and ghee are obtained from animals.
Components of Food Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 2 2
Fats act as fuel in our body but they provide more energy than carbohydrates. (in) Our body has some advantages of fat deposits in small quantity. It helps body organs to grow and protects them from injury and prevents loss of heat from the body surface.
Too much fat deposition is harmful for the body. This leads to the condition called obesity.
Fatty substances leave greasy and transparent spot on paper.
Proteins
Milk, fish, meat, cheese and eggs are the main sources of animal proteins. Vegetable proteins can be obtained from legumes including pulses and beans.
Proteins are required for growth and repairing of our body. They help in building new tissues. They also account for tough, fibrous nature of hair and nails and for the structure of muscles. They are a part of our blood and help in proper functioning of our body.
Components of Food Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 2 3
Large amount of protein is needed for building new tissues in short period, such as during infancy, pregnancy or when mother is nourishing a child.
Vitamins: Vitamins are required by our body in very small quantities. Vitamins help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy. The food items rich in vitamins are called protective food as they protect our body from diseases and keep us healthy.
Components of Food Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 2 4
Minerals: Minerals are needed by our body in small amounts. Each one is essential for proper growth of body and to maintain good health. Some sources of minerals are shown in fig.
Components of Food Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 2 5
Components of Food Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 2 6
Water
Our body requires a large quantity (5-7 litre) of water daily.
Water helps our body to perform many functions like digestion, throwing out dissolved waste as urine and impure blood.
Water also keeps our body cool through sweating.
Water helps in blood circulation.
Roughage
Whole grains, flour and cereals, potatoes, fresh food, raw and cooked vegetables provide roughage to our food.
It helps in proper digestion of food and prevents constipation.
Food items that are deep fried and roasted usually lose their nutritive value. Energy requirement: Requirement of energy or intake of food depends on profession, age, sex and special needs like pregnancy, infancy, lactation, etc. Deficiency diseases: Diseases that occur due to the lack of nutrients are called deficiency diseases. Some of them are listed in the following Table 2.1.
Some Diseases or Disorders Caused by deficiency of Vitamins and Minerals
Name of vitamins and minerals Deficiency disease or disorder Main symptoms
HERE IS UR NOTES IN BELOW SHEETS
