Geography, asked by charubhardwaj20, 8 months ago

impact of global warming on the existing tropical and deciduous forests of the states maharashtra and odisha​

Answers

Answered by SwagTerrific
0

Answer:

Global warming stresses ecosystems through temperature rises, water shortages, increased fire threats, drought, weed and pest invasions, intense storm damage and salt invasion, just to name a few. Some of Australia's great natural icons, such as the Great Barrier Reef, are already threatened.

Explanation:

It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and melting ice sheets and glaciers. Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather. Scientists continue to study global warming and its impact on Earth.

Answered by Harpreet0059
0

Answer:

Climate is one of the most important determinants of vegetation patterns globally and has

significant influence on the distribution, structure and ecology of forests (Kirschbaum et al.

1996). Several climate–vegetation studies have shown that certain climatic regimes are

associated with particular plant communities or functional types (Walter 1985). It is

therefore logical to assume that changes in climate would alter the distribution of forest

ecosystems. Based on a range of vegetation modeling studies, IPCC 2007 suggests potential

forest dieback towards the end of this century and beyond, especially in tropics, boreal and

mountain areas (Miles 2002; McClean et al. 2005). The most recent report from

International Union of Forest Research Organization (Seppälä et al. 2009) paints a rather

gloomy picture about the future of the world forests in a changed climate as it suggests that

in a warmer world, the current carbon regulating services of forests (as carbon sinks) may

be entirely lost, as land ecosystems could turn into a net source of carbon dioxide later in

the century.

Assessments of potential climate change impacts on forests in India (Ravindranath and

Sukumar 1996; Ravindranath and Sukumar 1998; Ravindranath et al. 2006) were based on

BIOME model (versions 3 and 4)—which being an equilibrium model, does not capture the

transient responses of vegetation to climate change. The recent study (Ravindranath et al.

2006) concludes that 77% and 68% of the forested grids in India are likely to experience shift

in forest types for climate change under A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. In addition there

have been two regional studies, the first focusing on potential climate change impacts on

forests in the northern state of Himachal Pradesh (Deshingkar 1997) and the second in the

Western Ghats (Ravindranath et al. 1997). These studies indicated moderate to large-scale

shifts in vegetation types with implications for forest dieback and biodiversity. The studies

conducted for India so far have had several limitations, e.g., coarse resolution of the input

data as well as the use of BIOME which is an equilibrium model with limited capability in

categorizing plant functional types and dynamic representation of growth constraints.

Impacts of climate change on forests have severe implications for the people who

depend on forest resources for their livelihoods. India is a mega-biodiversity country where

forests account for more than one fifth of the geographical area. With nearly 173,000

villages classified as forest villages, there is a large dependence of communities on forest

resources in India (Kishwan et al. 2009). India has a large afforestation programme of over

1.32 Mha per annum (Ravindranath et al. 2008), and more area is likely to be afforested

under programmes such as ‘Green India mission’ and ‘Compensatory Afforestation Fund

Management and Planning Authority’ (CAMPA). Thus it is necessary to assess the likely

impacts of projected climate change on existing forests and afforested areas, and develop

and implement adaptation strategies to enhance the resilience of forests to climate change.

The present study investigates the projected impacts of climate change on Indian forests

using a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM). It specifically assesses the boundary

shifts in vegetation types, changes in NPP and soil carbon stocks, as well as the

vulnerability of existing forests to future climate change.

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