Impact of nadir shah invention upon delhi write observation of wealth looted from the mughal treasury?
Answers
Answered by
0
To understand this, first we need to know the background of then Iran, Nader shah, Mughal empire and the after effects of the raid on the Mughal empire .
First, Little background about Nader Shah :
Nader Shah was an Iranian ruler, considered to be one of the most powerful and cruel leader of Persia.
Before the Nader Shah, Safavid Dynasty used to rule Iran for over 200 years and Afshar tribe used to provide military power to the empire. Nader shah belonged to this Afshar tribe.
At the time of last Safavid ruler (1736 AD), Iran was going through internal rebellions. And in between all these, it’s arch rivals, Ottoman and Russia had captured it’s territory for themselves.
Here, Nader Shah raised as a leader from the rebellion and removed the invaders to restore the territorial sovereignty of Persia. Later, he deposed all the members of Safavid dynasty to restore himself as an absolute ruler of Iran.
Nader Shah Invasion of the Mughal Empire (1739 AD) :
At that point of time, Mughal empire was ruined by various war of successions. Entire north and central India was under Maratha Empire. Other Mughals nobles disintegrated from the empire to assert their own independence and were forming their own small states. Militarily it had became very weak, but materially, it was still very rich.
In actuality, Nader shah was totally war oriented ruler and to fight with it’s main rival ottoman empire, he needed to maintain a strong army. And this lead to heavy taxation in Iran, which was hurting it’s economy very badly. So, he needed some other source for his treasury replenishment . So, in order to give Persian people some time to breathe from heavy taxation and still maintain his large army, invasion of mughal empire was obvious choice. An empire full of wealth and richness with a debilitating military was a complete recipe for him. so, he was just waiting for a reason to start the invasion.
Afghans had the traditional rivalry with the Iran. Nader shah used to lead numerous military campaign against Afghans warlords. These warlords after defeat from Nader shah used to escape to nothern provinces (near Kabul) of Mughal empire.
Nader Shah, at that time,had asked the Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah to capture all these Afghan fugitives and hand them over to him. Also, he had demanded to close the Mughal frontier along the northern border of Kabul, so that these rebels could not take refugee there.
Though, Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah agreed to his demand, but practically he didn’t do anything to stop the rebels from taking the refugee. This gave Nader shah a desired pretext to invade Mughal empire.
Laxity from Mohammad Shah (then Mughal Empire) in regards to Afghans fugitives, gave him that pretext and he seized that opportunity to invade Mughal empire, in the name of hunting down of Afghan rebels, who had taken refugee in the empire.
Battle of Karnal (Feb, 1739) :
While in his way to Delhi, Nader shah faced resistance only near Khyber Pass, which he won by playing very refined military tactics.Before reaching Karnal, where he fought with Mohammad shah, he had already won and plundered the city of Kabul, Peshawar and Lahore.
Mughals finally decided to gave a combat to Nader shah intrusion in Karnal ( around 110 Km from Delhi). Despite being outnumbered in manpower, Nader shah won convincingly. Here, Mohammad Shah surrendered and both entered in Delhi together.
The Bloodiest Day of Delhi (22nd March, 1739) :
After Mohammad Shah lost the war, the key of Delhi were surrendered to Nader Shah and he occupied the Red fort.
Mohammad shah became a vassal of Nader Shah and through him he started administering Delhi. Coin were issued on his name. taxes were raised severely and there were rumors that it might rise even more irrationally.
Then on 21st March, a rumor spread that Nader Shah has been assassinated covertly. This lead to riot between Indians and Persian solders. The riot killed few solders.
Furious by this, Nader Shah ordered Qatl-e-aam of Delhi. It has been estimated that during the six hours of 22nd March, somewhere 30,000 Indians were massacred in the Delhi.
Seeing this, Mohammad shah begged for mercy from Nader Shah , and finally the massacre got stopped. A fine of 20 Million got levy on Delhi People.
Total wealth plundered by Nadir shah from Delhi:
Royal treasury, Famous Peacock Throne of Mughal Empire, Koh-i-noorDiamond , Darya- ya- noor Diamond and other fabulous jewels were seized by Nader Shah.
All the lands west to Indus were ceded to Persian empire.
Total value of plundered wealth was around 700 million Rupees and it was so large in significance that Nader shah stopped taxation in Iran for next three years upon his return.
In the beginning of May, 1739, Nader shah along with his solders left Delhi.
Nader shah came India to loot it’s richness as he was aware that the debilitated Mughal empire will hardly offer any resistance. And his warfare demanded a considerable amount of treasury.
First, Little background about Nader Shah :
Nader Shah was an Iranian ruler, considered to be one of the most powerful and cruel leader of Persia.
Before the Nader Shah, Safavid Dynasty used to rule Iran for over 200 years and Afshar tribe used to provide military power to the empire. Nader shah belonged to this Afshar tribe.
At the time of last Safavid ruler (1736 AD), Iran was going through internal rebellions. And in between all these, it’s arch rivals, Ottoman and Russia had captured it’s territory for themselves.
Here, Nader Shah raised as a leader from the rebellion and removed the invaders to restore the territorial sovereignty of Persia. Later, he deposed all the members of Safavid dynasty to restore himself as an absolute ruler of Iran.
Nader Shah Invasion of the Mughal Empire (1739 AD) :
At that point of time, Mughal empire was ruined by various war of successions. Entire north and central India was under Maratha Empire. Other Mughals nobles disintegrated from the empire to assert their own independence and were forming their own small states. Militarily it had became very weak, but materially, it was still very rich.
In actuality, Nader shah was totally war oriented ruler and to fight with it’s main rival ottoman empire, he needed to maintain a strong army. And this lead to heavy taxation in Iran, which was hurting it’s economy very badly. So, he needed some other source for his treasury replenishment . So, in order to give Persian people some time to breathe from heavy taxation and still maintain his large army, invasion of mughal empire was obvious choice. An empire full of wealth and richness with a debilitating military was a complete recipe for him. so, he was just waiting for a reason to start the invasion.
Afghans had the traditional rivalry with the Iran. Nader shah used to lead numerous military campaign against Afghans warlords. These warlords after defeat from Nader shah used to escape to nothern provinces (near Kabul) of Mughal empire.
Nader Shah, at that time,had asked the Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah to capture all these Afghan fugitives and hand them over to him. Also, he had demanded to close the Mughal frontier along the northern border of Kabul, so that these rebels could not take refugee there.
Though, Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah agreed to his demand, but practically he didn’t do anything to stop the rebels from taking the refugee. This gave Nader shah a desired pretext to invade Mughal empire.
Laxity from Mohammad Shah (then Mughal Empire) in regards to Afghans fugitives, gave him that pretext and he seized that opportunity to invade Mughal empire, in the name of hunting down of Afghan rebels, who had taken refugee in the empire.
Battle of Karnal (Feb, 1739) :
While in his way to Delhi, Nader shah faced resistance only near Khyber Pass, which he won by playing very refined military tactics.Before reaching Karnal, where he fought with Mohammad shah, he had already won and plundered the city of Kabul, Peshawar and Lahore.
Mughals finally decided to gave a combat to Nader shah intrusion in Karnal ( around 110 Km from Delhi). Despite being outnumbered in manpower, Nader shah won convincingly. Here, Mohammad Shah surrendered and both entered in Delhi together.
The Bloodiest Day of Delhi (22nd March, 1739) :
After Mohammad Shah lost the war, the key of Delhi were surrendered to Nader Shah and he occupied the Red fort.
Mohammad shah became a vassal of Nader Shah and through him he started administering Delhi. Coin were issued on his name. taxes were raised severely and there were rumors that it might rise even more irrationally.
Then on 21st March, a rumor spread that Nader Shah has been assassinated covertly. This lead to riot between Indians and Persian solders. The riot killed few solders.
Furious by this, Nader Shah ordered Qatl-e-aam of Delhi. It has been estimated that during the six hours of 22nd March, somewhere 30,000 Indians were massacred in the Delhi.
Seeing this, Mohammad shah begged for mercy from Nader Shah , and finally the massacre got stopped. A fine of 20 Million got levy on Delhi People.
Total wealth plundered by Nadir shah from Delhi:
Royal treasury, Famous Peacock Throne of Mughal Empire, Koh-i-noorDiamond , Darya- ya- noor Diamond and other fabulous jewels were seized by Nader Shah.
All the lands west to Indus were ceded to Persian empire.
Total value of plundered wealth was around 700 million Rupees and it was so large in significance that Nader shah stopped taxation in Iran for next three years upon his return.
In the beginning of May, 1739, Nader shah along with his solders left Delhi.
Nader shah came India to loot it’s richness as he was aware that the debilitated Mughal empire will hardly offer any resistance. And his warfare demanded a considerable amount of treasury.
Answered by
0
it resulted the mugal treasury became vacant . Delhi turned into deserted place the wealthy now became beggers .Shahjhanabad turned into rubble . He took 60 laks and thousand gold coins moreover he took fifity crore worth jewels
Similar questions