impact of treaty of vienna on european people??
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The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and maintain the peace between the great powers. The second goal was to prevent political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, and maintain the status quo. Disagreement between Russia and Prussia on the one hand and Britain and Austria on the other about boundary provisions in Eastern Europe led to a threat of renewed hostilities. The new French government, under the restored Bourbon dynasty in the person of King Louis XVIII, was enlisted as an ally by the British. France was invited to send a representative to the Congress of Vienna and was, thereafter, involved as the fifth great power of the Grand Alliance.
Agreement was reached avoiding war. Prussian boundaries were expanded westward to confront the French with a greater power on their eastern border. The Kingdom of the Netherlands, which included both Holland and Belgium, was created for the same reason. When that arrangement collapsed and an independent Belgium was recognized, the great powers accomplished their objectives by signing a treaty among themselves in 1837, which guaranteed the neutrality of Belgium and Holland. This treaty remained in
effect until 1914. There was not another European-wide war for a century. When Germany marched into Belgium in 1914, thus violating the neutrality of the Lowlands, the First World War began. There were, however, other conflicts in the nineteenth century, such as the Crimean War, the Franco-Austrian War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War. But these were limited by both time and geography, and did not involve all of the great powers.
The second goal, to restore "legitimate" or traditional governments to power and to prevent political revolutions, or to maintain the status quo met with partial success in the short term, but was bound to fail in the long term because it opposed the irresistable forces of historical change resulting from modernization. Those irresistable forces took the form of the dual revolutions of liberalism and nationalism.
Agreement was reached avoiding war. Prussian boundaries were expanded westward to confront the French with a greater power on their eastern border. The Kingdom of the Netherlands, which included both Holland and Belgium, was created for the same reason. When that arrangement collapsed and an independent Belgium was recognized, the great powers accomplished their objectives by signing a treaty among themselves in 1837, which guaranteed the neutrality of Belgium and Holland. This treaty remained in
effect until 1914. There was not another European-wide war for a century. When Germany marched into Belgium in 1914, thus violating the neutrality of the Lowlands, the First World War began. There were, however, other conflicts in the nineteenth century, such as the Crimean War, the Franco-Austrian War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War. But these were limited by both time and geography, and did not involve all of the great powers.
The second goal, to restore "legitimate" or traditional governments to power and to prevent political revolutions, or to maintain the status quo met with partial success in the short term, but was bound to fail in the long term because it opposed the irresistable forces of historical change resulting from modernization. Those irresistable forces took the form of the dual revolutions of liberalism and nationalism.
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- In 1815, the representatives of the European powers-Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria, who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian chancellor Duke metternich...
- The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815, with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic Wars...
- The Bourbon Dynasty, which had been deposed during the French revolution, was restored to power, and France loss the territories it had annexed napoleon...
- A series of States was set up in the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in the future. Thus, the kingdom of Netherlands, which included Belgium, was set up in the North, while Genoa was added to the Piedmont in the South...
- Prussia was given new important territories on its Western frontiers, while Austria was given the control of Northern Italy. But the German confederation of 39 States, that had been set up by Napoleon, was left untouched. Russia was given part of Poland, while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony...
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