Question

Importance of Variation?


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Answer 1

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Importance of Variation :

• Variations gives capability to the organism to survive in extreme habitats ( or niches ).
• The organisms showing variations are able to survive during the unfavorable conditions whereas, other organism may die or perish.
• Variations promotes the survival of a particular species and also leads to the evolution in due course of time.

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Characteristics of Asexual reproduction :

• Only parent is necessary in this process.
• No gametes are required for this process.
• New offsprings produced are exactly same in the appearance of their parents.
• In parents, cell divides by the process of mitosis.

Advantages of asexual reproduction :

• This method is fast and not complex.
• Large number of offsprings having desired characteristics ( or traits ) can be produced.
• It leads to the maintenance of species and preservation of traits.

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction :

• Defects and malfunctions of the parents are passed into the next generation because the offsprings produced are identical to the parents.
• Evolution can not be possible because no variations are formed during this process.

Various methods of asexual reproduction :

• Regeneration
• Spore formation
• Vegetative propagation
• Fragmentation
• Budding
• Fission ( includes multiple and binary fission )
• Tissue culture, etc.

Different ways of artificial vegetative propagation :

• Cutting : The cutting should contain node inserted in it. This node is placed in the soil partly. After few days, a new plant rises from that node. Example, grape, rose etc.
• Grafting : Plants having different varieties are joined together in order to get a new plant having desired characteristics. The upper part of the plant ( called scion ) is taken out from one plant. The other part in which grafting can be performed is called as stock. The scion and stock are placed together and fixed so that their cambium can come in contact with each other, that gives rise to a new plant having desired characteristics and traits. For example, citrus fruits and rose.

Answer 2

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Variations: variations refers to the differences in DNA of any species.

• All variations in species have an equal possibility of survival.

There are three types of variations:

1. Useful variations
2. Neutral variations
3. Harmful variations

The importance of variations are in the following :

• Variations help in reproduction.

• Variations play a significant role in evolution.

• It helps in natural selection and specification as well.
• It helps in increasing the chances of survival.

• It is beneficial in surviving in unfavorable conditions.

• Organisms adapt themselves in changing environments by inheriting beneficial variation.

• It also helps in gaining food and adaptation.

Some additional information about heredity:

1. The study of variations and heredity is known as Genetics.
2. The father of genetics is Gregor JohaMendeldal.
3. The term genetics was given by Bateson in 1906.
4. The theory of natural selection was introduced by Charles Darwin.