important physics formulas?
(class 9)
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Potential energy (P)
PE = m.g.hm = massg = acceleration due to gravity (9.81m/s
2
)h = height
Kinetic energy (P)
P = (1/2).m.v
2
m = massv = velocity
Gravity (Force due to gravity)
F
g
: Force of attractionG : Gravitational constantM
1
: Mass of first objectM
2
: Mass of second objectAcceleration due to gravity at a depth 'd' from earth surface is :Acceleration due to gravity at height 'h' from earth surface is :h is very much smaller than R
Escape velocity
Escape velocity
from
a body of mass M and radius r isFor example if you want to calculate the escape verlocity of sa object fromearth then,M is dmass of earthr is radius of earth
OPTICS
Index of refraction
n = c/vn - index of refractionc - velocity of light in a vacuumv - velocity of light in the given material
Under constant acceleration linear motion
v = final velocityF
g
=G M
1
M
2
r
2
g
d
= g(1-d)Rg
h
= g(1-2h)R
u = intitial velocitya = accelerationt = time taken to reach velocity v from us = displacementv = u + a ts = ut + (1/2)a t
2
s = vt - (1/2)a t
2
v
2
= u
2
+ 2 a s
Friction force (kinetic friction)
When the object is moving then Friction is defined as :F
f
= μ F
n
whereF
f
= Friction force, μ= cofficient of friction
F
n
= Normal force
Linear Momentum
Momentum = mass x velocityCapillary actionThe height to which the liquid can be lifted is given by:h =
2γcosθ
ρgr
γ: liquid
-air surface tension(T)(T=energy/area)
θ: contact angle
ρ: density of liquid
g: acceleration due to gravityr: is radius of tube
Simple harmonic motion
Simple harmonic motion is defined by:d
2
x/dt
2
= - k x
Time period of pendulum
Waves
f =1T
ω =
2 π

T
v = f . λ
where
ω = Angular frequency, T=Time period, v = Speed of wave, λ=wavelength
Doppler effect
Relationship between observed frequency f and emitted frequency f
0
:where,v=velocity of wavev
s
=velocity of source. It is positive if source of wave is moving away from observer. It isnegative if source of wave is moving towards observer.
Resonance of a string
where,L: length of the stringn = 1, 2, 3...
Resonance of a open tube of air
(approximate)where,L: length of the cylindern = 1, 2, 3...v = speed of sound
Resonance of a open tube of air
(accurate)f = f
0
(v)v + v
s
frequency = f =nv2LApproximate frequency = f =nv2Lfrequency = f =nv2(L+0.
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