Question

important point on Satellite role in weather management.
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Answer 1

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☞Satellite data help forecast the weather in two ways: expert forecasters interpret the images, and numerical weather-prediction models assimilate observations. Image analysis plays an important role in short-term forecasts, those that predict the weather in one to three hours into the future......ツ

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

Meteorology was the first scientific discipline to use space

capabilities in the 1960s, and today satellites provide observations of the state of the atmosphere and ocean surface

for the preparation of weather analyses, forecasts, advisories and warnings, for climate monitoring and environmental activities. Three quarters of the data used in

numerical weather prediction models depend on satellite

measurements (e.g. in France, satellites provide 93% of data

used in Météo-France’s Arpège model). Three main types of

satellites provide data: two families of weather satellites

and selected environmental satellites.

Weather satellites are operated by agencies in China,

France, India, Japan, Korea, the Russian Federation, the

United States and Eumetsat for Europe, with international

co-ordination by the World Meteorological Organisation

(WMO). Some 18 geostationary weather satellites are positioned above the earth’s equator, forming a ring located at

around 36 000 km (Table 10.1). Their positioning – i.e.

American satellites over the West Atlantic, European satellites over the East Atlantic, European and Indian satellites

over the Indian Ocean – allows global coverage thanks to

international co-operation in weather data exchanges.

They share this congested geostationary orbit with more

than 300 commercial telecommunications satellites. They

are complemented by 17 polar-orbiting weather satellites

circling the earth at a much lower altitude (around 850 km)

in sun-synchronous orbit, which allows them to revisit a

given spot on earth every day at the same hour, making 7

to 16 orbits per day (i.e. “morning” or “afternoon” satellite).

The United States, Europe, China and the Russian Federation are so far the only ones operating these essential

polar-orbiting satellites, which allow a closer monitoring of

the earth’s atmosphere (Table 10.2)