Question

important questions of chapter socialism in Europe and Russian Revolution

Answer 1

chippy and short answer question give an example to play

Answer 2

Ques.6: Name some of the famous socialists.

Ans.6: Some of the popular socialists with different ideologies were:

Robert Owen

Louis Blanc

Karl Marx

Ques.7: What was ‘New Harmony’?

Ans.7: New Harmony was a cooperative community, set up on the suggestion of Robert Owen.

Ques.8: Which socialist trade unions formed with the support of socialism?

Ans.8: Various socialists trade unions were formed across Europe with the support of socialism. These were:

Social Democratic Party in Germany

Socialist Party in France

Labour Party in Britain

Ques.9: Which international body was formed to coordinate the efforts of socialism across Europe?

Ans.9: The Second International

Ques.10: Who ruled the Russian empire before the Russian Revolution?

Ans.10: Tsar Nicholas II

Ques.11: What was the extent of the Russian empire?

Ans.11: The Russian empire included the territories of present-day Russia, Latvia, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus, and parts of Poland, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. The Russian empire extended in the Pacific Ocean as well.

Ques.12: What feature set apart the Russian peasants from other European peasants?

Ans:12: The unique feature of the Russian peasants was that from time to time, they pooled their land resources and redistributed it among themselves based on the needs of individual families. This feature set the Russian peasants apart from other European workers.

Ques.13: Which workers called themselves the ‘aristocrats of workers’ and why?

Ans.13: Metalworkers in the factories considered themselves as the ‘aristocrats of workers’ as theirs was among those works requiring special skills, expertise, and training.

Ques.14: Name the socialist parties formed in Russia.

Ans.14: The socialist parties formed in Russia were:

Russian Social Democratic Workers in 1898

Social Revolutionary Party in 1900

Ques.15: What were the internal factions of the Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party?

Ans.15: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

Ques.16: St. Petersburg was renamed as ___________.

Ans.16: Petrograd

Ques.17: How did February 23 come to be recognised as the International Women’s Day?

And.17: On 23 February, workers from 50 factories took to roads to strike and protest against the lockout in a factory. Many groups in these strikes were led by women. Hence, this day came to be recognised as International Women’s Day.

Ques.18: Who were the reds, greens, and the whites?

Ans.18: Reds were the Bolsheviks; greens were the Socialist Revolutionaries and whites were pro-Tsarists.

Ques.19: Define Jadidists.

Ans.19: Jadidists was a section of people in Muslim society demanding modernised Islam.

Ques.20: Who headed the Bolshevik Party after Lenin’s death?

Ans.20: Joseph Stalin.

Ques.21: Which organisations came into existence as the result of the global influence of the USSR?

Ans.21: The impact of the Russian Revolution was visible across various nations. People from non-USSR nations actively participated in major organisations like:

Conference of the Peoples of the East

Comintern (a pro-Bolshevik union)