important topi.cs on organ.ism and popu.lation class 12
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Answers
Answer:
Q.1. Name the species that can withstand a close range of temperature
A.1. Stenothermal Entities
Q.2. What are Eurytherimic organisms?
A.2. These are organisms that exhibit a wide range of temperature tolerance.
Q.3. What do we call species that can endure a wide extent of salinity?
A.3. Euryhaline species
Q.4. The interaction between two species is known as?
A.4. Interspecies interaction
Q.5. What are stenohaline species?
A.5. These species exhibit a narrow range of salinity tolerance.Q.6. Define commensalism?
A.6. It is a type of interaction where one species is benefitted while the other remains unaffected.
Q.7. Mention the relationship where a species generates poisonous particles which harm other species.
A.7. Parasitism
Q.8. Define Mycorrhiza.
A.8. It is a symbiotic interaction between the root of higher plants and a fungus which gets its nourishment from its symbiont which in turn assists in the absorption process of higher plants.
Q.9. Name the emergent land plants that can sustain the salinities of the sea.
A.9. Halophytes
Q.10. Higher or raised altitude areas have blazing sunlight and lower temperatures as opposed to the plains. Why?
A.10. It is because of being less distant from particle free air and the sun. Likewise, lower atmospheric pressure causes low temperatures which are increased in plains.
Q.11. Define homeostasis.
A.11. Maintaining a constant internal temperature despite differing external environmental state is known as homeostasis.
Q.12. What is aestivation?
A.12. To avoid excessive desiccation and heat in the summer, some organisms switch to a behavioural adjustment which causes them to slow down their metabolic activities. It is known as aestivation or the summer sleep.
Explanation:
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Q.1. Name the species that can withstand a close range of temperature
A.1. Stenothermal Entities
Q.2. What are Eurytherimic organisms?
A.2. These are organisms that exhibit a wide range of temperature tolerance.
Q.3. What do we call species that can endure a wide extent of salinity?
A.3. Euryhaline species
Q.4. The interaction between two species is known as?
A.4. Interspecies interaction
Q.5. What are stenohaline species?
A.5. These species exhibit a narrow range of salinity tolerance.
Q.6. Define commensalism?
A.6. It is a type of interaction where one species is benefitted while the other remains unaffected.
Q.7. Mention the relationship where a species generates poisonous particles which harm other species.
A.7. Parasitism
Q.8. Define Mycorrhiza.
A.8. It is a symbiotic interaction between the root of higher plants and a fungus which gets its nourishment from its symbiont which in turn assists in the absorption process of higher plants.
Q.9. Name the emergent land plants that can sustain the salinities of the sea.
A.9. Halophytes
Q.10. Higher or raised altitude areas have blazing sunlight and lower temperatures as opposed to the plains. Why?
A.10. It is because of being less distant from particle free air and the sun. Likewise, lower atmospheric pressure causes low temperatures which are increased in plains.
Q.11. Define homeostasis.
A.11. Maintaining a constant internal temperature despite differing external environmental state is known as homeostasis.
Q.12. What is aestivation?
A.12. To avoid excessive desiccation and heat in the summer, some organisms switch to a behavioural adjustment which causes them to slow down their metabolic activities. It is known as aestivation or the summer sleep.
Q.13. Define diapause. What is its significance?
A.13. Diapause is a phase of pendulous growth that is adopted by certain entities in ponds and lakes to sustain and survive unfriendly conditions.
Q.14. How would the growth rate pattern be affected by infinite resources?
A.14. It would be exponential.
Q.15. Name entities that sustain parts of plant and plant sap.
A.15. Phytophagous.
Q.16. Describe high altitude sickness. What are its symptoms?
A.16. It is caused when people visit high altitude regions, which has less oxygen concentration to which he reacts by showing symptoms like headache, nausea, palpitations etc.
Q.17. List an example for commensalism.
A.17. Barnacle growing on the back of a blue whale is an example.
Q.18. Explain with suitable examples of ectoparasites and endoparasites.
A.18. Ectoparasites nourish on the external surface of the host entities. For example, Ticks on dogs whereas endoparasites dwell in the body of the host at various locations such as lungs, kidney etc, for example, gut parasites such as tapeworm.
Q.19. Explain about brood parasitism with an example.
A.19. It is when parasites lay eggs on the nest of the host. For example, The Cuckoo lays its eggs in the host cell.
Q.20. Why do plants in arid regions have sunken stomata?
A.20. Sunken stomata minimize water loss by transpiration. That is why, plants in arid regions have sunken stomata.