important topics for class 11th biology whole book for final exam
Answers
Chapter 1 – The Living World
Important Topics:
1. Characteristics of living organisms
2. Binomial nomenclature
3. Taxonomic hierarchy
Chapter 2 – Biological Classification
Important Topics:
1. Categories and features of all Monera, Protista and Fungi
2. Viruses, Prions and Lichens
Chapter 3 – Plant Kingdom
Important Topics:
1. Characteristics, Reproduction and life cycle of all bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms
Chapter 4 – Animal Kingdom
Important Topics:
1. Basis of Classification
2. Important features and examples of all the phyla
Unit: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals
Chapter 5 – Morphology of Flowering Plants
Important Topics:
1. Modifications of root, stem and leaf with examples
2. Types of placentation
Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Important Topics:
1. Classification of simple and complex tissues
2. Structure of stomata
3. Plant Anatomy and secondary growth
Chapter 7 – Structural Organisation in Animals
Important Topics:
1. Types of animal tissues
2. Types of cell junctions
3. Different types of connective tissues
Unit: Cell: Structure and Function
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Important Topics:
1. Cell theory
2. Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
3. Cell organelles and their functions
Chapter 9 – Biomolecules
Important Topics:
1. Definitions, structure and composition of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
2. Factors affecting enzyme activity
3. Classification and nomenclature of enzymes
Chapter 10 – Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Important Topics:
1. Phases of cell cycle
2. Details of mitosis and meiosis
3. Difference between mitosis and meiosis
Unit: Plant Physiology
Chapter 11 – Transport in Plants
Important Topics:
1. Different means of transport
2. Difference between active and passive transport
3. Isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions and behavior of cells placed inside them
4. Apoplast and symplast pathway
5. Ascent of sap
6. Mass flow hypothesis
Chapter 12 – Mineral Nutrition
Important Topics:
1. Macro and micro nutrients and their roles in plants
2. Nitrogen cycle
3. Biological nitrogen fixation
Chapter 13 – Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Important Topics:
1. Structure of chloroplast
2. Z scheme
3. Calvin cycle
4. C4 pathway
5. Factors affecting photosynthesis
Chapter 14 – Respiration in Plants
Important Topics:
1. Glycolysis pathway
2. TCA cycle
3. Electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation
4. Respiratory quotient
Chapter 15 – Plant Growth and Development
Important Topics:
a) Effects of plant growth regulators (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid)
b) Long day, short day and day-neutral plants
Unit: Human Physiology
Chapter 16 – Digestion and Absorption
Important Topics:
1. Dental formula
2. Process of digestion
3. Pancreatic enzymes and their action
4. Enzymes of succus entericus with action
5. Disorders of digestive system
Chapter 17 – Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Important Topics:
1. Mechanism of breathing
2. Respiratory volumes and capacities
3. Oxygen dissociation curve
4. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
5. Disorders of respiratory system
Chapter 18 – Body Fluids and Circulation
Important Topics:
1. Different types of blood cells
2. Blood groups
3. Structure of heart
4. Cardiac cycle
5. ECG
6. Disorders of circulatory system
Chapter 19 – Excretory Products and their Elimination
Important Topics:
1. Diagram and structure of nephron
2. Formation of urine
3. Counter current mechanism
4. Regulation of kidney function
Chapter 20 – Locomotion and Movement
Important Topics:
1. Three types of muscles
2. Mechanism of muscle contraction
3. Types of joints
Chapter 21 – Neural Control and Coordination
Important Topics:
1. Structure of neuron
2. Nerve impulse generation, conduction and transmission
3. Reflex arc
4. Mechanism of vision and hearing
Chapter 22 – Chemical Coordination and Integration
Important Topics:
1. Hormones and their functions (hypothalamus, pituitary thyroid, adrenal, pancreas,testis and ovary)
2. Diseases associated with hormones
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Chapter 1 – The Living World
Important Topics:
1. Characteristics of living organisms
2. Binomial nomenclature
3. Taxonomic hierarchy
Chapter 2 – Biological Classification
Important Topics:
1. Categories and features of all Monera, Protista and Fungi
2. Viruses, Prions and Lichens
Chapter 3 – Plant Kingdom
Important Topics:
1. Characteristics, Reproduction and life cycle of all bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms
Chapter 4 – Animal Kingdom
Important Topics:
1. Basis of Classification
2. Important features and examples of all the phyla
Unit: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals
Chapter 5 – Morphology of Flowering Plants
Important Topics:
1. Modifications of root, stem and leaf with examples
2. Types of placentation
Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Important Topics:
1. Classification of simple and complex tissues
2. Structure of stomata
3. Plant Anatomy and secondary growth
Chapter 7 – Structural Organisation in Animals
Important Topics:
1. Types of animal tissues
2. Types of cell junctions
3. Different types of connective tissues
Unit: Cell: Structure and Function
Chapter 8 – Cell: The Unit of Life
Important Topics:
1. Cell theory
2. Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
3. Cell organelles and their functions
Chapter 9 – Biomolecules
Important Topics:
1. Definitions, structure and composition of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
2. Factors affecting enzyme activity
3. Classification and nomenclature of enzymes
Chapter 10 – Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Important Topics:
1. Phases of cell cycle
2. Details of mitosis and meiosis
3. Difference between mitosis and meiosis
Unit: Plant Physiology
Chapter 11 – Transport in Plants
Important Topics:
1. Different means of transport
2. Difference between active and passive transport
3. Isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions and behavior of cells placed inside them
4. Apoplast and symplast pathway
5. Ascent of sap
6. Mass flow hypothesis
Chapter 12 – Mineral Nutrition
Important Topics:
1. Macro and micro nutrients and their roles in plants
2. Nitrogen cycle
3. Biological nitrogen fixation
Chapter 13 – Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Important Topics:
1. Structure of chloroplast
2. Z scheme
3. Calvin cycle
4. C4 pathway
5. Factors affecting photosynthesis
Chapter 14 – Respiration in Plants
Important Topics:
1. Glycolysis pathway
2. TCA cycle
3. Electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation
4. Respiratory quotient
Chapter 15 – Plant Growth and Development
Important Topics:
a) Effects of plant growth regulators (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid)
b) Long day, short day and day-neutral plants
Unit: Human Physiology
Chapter 16 – Digestion and Absorption
Important Topics:
1. Dental formula
2. Process of digestion
3. Pancreatic enzymes and their action
4. Enzymes of succus entericus with action
5. Disorders of digestive system
Chapter 17 – Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Important Topics:
1. Mechanism of breathing
2. Respiratory volumes and capacities
3. Oxygen dissociation curve
4. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
5. Disorders of respiratory system
Chapter 18 – Body Fluids and Circulation
Important Topics:
1. Different types of blood cells
2. Blood groups
3. Structure of heart
4. Cardiac cycle
5. ECG
6. Disorders of circulatory system
Chapter 19 – Excretory Products and their Elimination
Important Topics:
1. Diagram and structure of nephron
2. Formation of urine
3. Counter current mechanism
4. Regulation of kidney function
Chapter 20 – Locomotion and Movement
Important Topics:
1. Three types of muscles
2. Mechanism of muscle contraction
3. Types of joints
Chapter 21 – Neural Control and Coordination
Important Topics:
1. Structure of neuron
2. Nerve impulse generation, conduction and transmission
3. Reflex arc
4. Mechanism of vision and hearing
Chapter 22 – Chemical Coordination and Integration
Important Topics:
1. Hormones and their functions (hypothalamus, pituitary thyroid, adrenal, pancreas,testis and ovary)
2. Diseases associated with hormones