in a " cleanliness drive" residents of locality joined together to clean adjoining area. men cleaned two-third of area and women cleaned one-forth of area and remaining area was cleaned by children of the society. Find out what fraction of total area was cleaned by children of the locality ?Name five values which are depicted here? (value based question)
Answers
Answer:
The word ‘depressed’ in common usage means sad, frustrated, fed up, bored up and pessimistic.
The mood of a depressed person is much lower at his or her best moments than the mood of
the normal person at his or her worst. Depression is a state of mind. It is specifically a mental
disorder characterised by a lowering of the individual’s vitality, his mood, desires, hopes, aspirations
and of his self-esteem.
2. Depression arising out of environmental factors is called reactive depression whereas depression
arising out of some biochemical changes in the brain is called endogenous depression. If
depression is mild or moderate and if the individual is in touch with his surroundings, it is known
as neurotic depression. If the individual is severely disturbed and is not able to comprehend
what is happening around, such a state is called psychotic depression.
3. Old age is one of the stages of human development, where a person attains wisdom, maturity,
social and economic stability with social recognition and emotional fulfillment. Generally, societies
show a great respect and consideration for the aged. In ancient times old people were considered
as the guiding stars in Indian families, since they were symbols of tradition, respect, wisdom and
experience. In primitive, ancient and medieval cultures, old persons had a recognized social
role. They were of great value because they could impart knowledge and skill to youngsters. The
old people were considered as repositories of wisdom and traditions and were not perceived as
problems.
4. At present, social structures and values are undergoing transformation from traditional to modern.
There is a rapid stride in urbanization and industrialization leading to the breaking up of joint
families and property. This has ultimately weakened the traditional families, social position and
4 XII – English Core
status of the aged in the family. From time to time changes in the institutions of marriage and
family have diminished the control of parents over their children. It has increased the freedom
of children and they view the aged as a useless and non-productive entity. Modernization has
eventually led to the degradation of their status and authority. Consequently the integrity of the
family and the existence of the elderly as an integral part of the family are being uprooted. The
importance of their functional positions thus declines and consequently their authority and much
of the respect and prestige that they enjoyed earlier get faded. These changes generally bring
about depression in older people.
5. As old age advances events at home may also contribute more to their problems. The ‘empty
nest’ feeling arising as a result of the grown up children leaving the home, daughters departing
as a result of wedlock and sons leaving station in pursuit of higher education or jobs may make
the aged more lonely. The loneliness also arises because of premature loss of spouse. This
would deprive the person of a long standing emotional bond that had provided plenty of emotional
succour and security. The loss wherever it might occur in the later years leaves the individual
terribly lonely and at the mercy of the sons and daughters-in-law. Added to these the increasing
gap and interactional stress and strain in the family may leave the elderly without peace of mind.
The elderly as a result of these developments feel marginalised, alienated and left out of the
main stream. The foregoing are the common problems faced by most of the elderly. These either
directly or indirectly lead to a state of depression and make ageing for many an unwanted and
unpleasant event to be abhorred.
6. Usually, the mild depression which is caused due to environmental factors is temporary. The
person reconciles within a short time and tries to forget the loss. Kind words, and timely support
of friends, relatives and family members help one recover from depression.
(a) (i) What does ‘depressed’ mean in common usage? 2
(ii) What is reactive depression? 1
(iii) What was the status of the old people in ancient India? 2
(iv) What are the causes for disintegration of joint family system? 2
(v) How does one recover from mild depression? 2
(b) Pick out the words from the passage that mean the same as the following : 3 × 1 = 3
(i) Decreased (para 4)
(ii) to feel that they do not belong to a group (para 5)
(iii) a husband or wife (para 5)
2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :
A vast blanket of population stretching across South Asia is cutting down sunlight by 10 per cent
over India, damaging agriculture, modifying rainfall patterns and putting hundred of thousands
of people at risk, according to a new study.
The startling findings of scientists working with the United Nations Environment Programme
indicate that the spectacular economic growth seen in this part of the w
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
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