In a fractionating column, various fractions are obtained at various heights of the column.
As the vapours reach at a height where temperature is equal to or just below the boiling
point of that fraction, it will
Condense to form a liquid
Escape from the column.
Condense to form a solid
Remain in gaseous state
Deselect
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A fractional column is an essential item used in distillation of liquid mixtures so as to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on the differences in volatilities.
The reason that fractional distillation gives better separation between the liquids is because the glass beads in the fractionating column provide "theoretical plates" on which the refluxing liquid can condense, re-evaporate, and condense again, essentially distilling the compound over and over.
As the column gets higher, the temperature gradient increase and temperature of the top decreases as well.
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