In a parliamentary from of government executive is responsible before legislature
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The Indian system,however, represents a real fusion of the executive and legislative authorities.As per the Constitution, as also in actual practice, the relationship between the Executive and the Legislature is one that is the most intimate and ideally does not admit of any antagonism or dichotomy.The two are not visualized as competing centres of power but as inseparable partners or co-partners in the business of Government .Parliament is a large body.
It does not and cannot govern. The Council of Ministers is the grand executive committee of Parliament charged with the responsibility of governance on behalf of the parent body. It is drawn from and remains a part of the Parliament and is responsible to the Lok Sabha. The relationship between the Executive and the Legislature may be said to be that of a part to the whole and one of interdependence. While the Executive has almost unlimited right to initiate and formulate legislative and financial proposals before Parliament and to give effect to approved policies, unfettered and unhindered by Parliament, Parliament has the unlimited power to call for information, to discuss,to scrutinise and to put the seal of approval on the proposals made by the Executive. The executive (i.e. the political executive, the Council of Ministers) remains responsible and theadministration accountable to the Parliament. It is the function of Parliament to exercise political and financialcontrol over the Executive and to ensure parliamentary surveillance of administration.The head of every Government Department is a Minister. Parliament exercises control over the Department through the Minister. A Ministry has practically an autonomous existence of its own and conducts its business in pursuance of statutory provisions, rules and regulations or according to a long-standing practice. The parliamentary control over the Ministry rests on the premise that any action of the Ministry can be called into question by any Member and the Minister responsible for the administration of that Ministry has to defend the acts of his officials. It is a well-established constitutional principle that a Minister is responsible to Parliament for all the acts of the Ministry and it is he who takes the blame, should Parliament disapprove of any administrative act. There can, however, be a case where a civil servant acts either intentionally or irrationally outside the policy of his Minister or contrary to that policy. By doing so, he relieves the Minister of the responsibility of protecting him. But the constitutional responsibility of the Minister to Parliament remains and he has to satisfy Parliament that he is dealing with the matter adequately.