In a phosphorus crystal Phosphorus atoms are joined together due to?
Answers
The electron configuration of the phosphorus atom can be represented by 1s22s22p63s23p3. The outer shell arrangement therefore resembles that of nitrogen, with three half-filled orbitals each capable of forming a single covalent bond and an additional lone-pair of electrons. Depending on the electronegativity of the elements with which it combines, phosphorus can therefore exhibit oxidation states of +3 or −3, just as does nitrogen. The principal differences between nitrogen and phosphorus are that the latter is of considerably lower electronegativity and has larger atoms, with outer d orbitals available. For these reasons, the similarities between nitrogen and phosphorus chemistry are largely formal ones, tending to conceal the actual, wide differences. The outer d orbitals in phosphorus permit an expansion of the octet, which leads to the +5 state, with five actual covalent bonds being formed in compounds, a condition impossible for nitrogen to achieve.
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Question :-In a phosphorus crystal Phosphorus atoms are joined together due to?
In a phosphorus crystal Phosphorus atoms are joined together due to?
Answer:-
Consistent with the metastable condition of the white modification, and the crowding of its covalent bonds, this form is far more reactive chemically than the others. It is highly toxic, reacts vigorously with most reagents, and inflames in air at only 35° C (95 °F), so it must be stored under water or other inert liquid. White phosphorus dissolves readily in solvents such as carbon disulfide, in which it maintains the composition P4. White phosphorus has been used for military purposes as a source of smoke and to fill incendiary shells and grenades. In contrast, red phosphorus is insoluble and relatively inert, although large quantities of the usual commercial form can ignite spontaneously in air and react with water to form phosphine and phosphorus oxyacids. Red phosphorus is used in preparing the striking surface for safety matches. Black phosphorus is more inert and is capable of conducting electricity. Both these polymeric forms are insoluble and are very much less volatile than white phosphorus.