In an experiment to find the focal length of a spherical mirror,what will be the radius of curvature of mirror if image distance is x and object distance is y from the mirror?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Ray diagrams can be used to determine the image location, size, orientation and type of image formed of objects when placed at a given location in front of a concave mirror. The use of these diagrams was demonstrated earlier in Lesson 3. Ray diagrams provide useful information about object-image relationships, yet fail to provide the information in a quantitative form. While a ray diagram may help one determine the approximate location and size of the image, it will not provide numerical information about image distance and object size. To obtain this type of numerical information, it is necessary to use the Mirror Equation and the Magnification Equation. The mirror equation expresses the quantitative relationship between the object distance (do), the image distance (di), and the focal length (f). The equation is stated as follows:
The magnification equation relates the ratio of the image distance and object distance to the ratio of the image height (hi) and object height (ho). The magnification equation is stated as follows:
These two equations can be combined to yield information about the image distance and image height if the object distance, object height, and focal length are known.
As a demonstration of the effectiveness of the mirror equation and magnification equation, consider the following example problem and its solution.
Example Problem #1
A 4.00-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 45.7 cm from a concave mirror having a focal length of 15.2 cm. Determine the image distance and the image size.
Like all problems in physics, begin by the identification of the known information.
ho = 4.0 cm
do = 45.7 cm
f = 15.2 cm
Next identify the unknown quantities that you wish to solve for.
di = ???
hi = ???
To determine the image distance, the mirror equation must be used. The following lines represent the solution to the image distance; substitutions and algebraic steps are shown.
1/f = 1/do + 1/di
1/(15.2 cm) = 1/(45.7 cm) + 1/di
0.0658 cm-1 = 0.0219 cm-1 + 1/di
0.0439 cm-1 = 1/di
di = 22.8 cm
The numerical values in the solution above were rounded when written down, yet un-rounded numbers were used in all calculations. The final answer is rounded to the third significant digit.
To determine the image height, the magnification equation is needed. Since three of the four quantities in the equation (disregarding the M) are known, the fourth quantity can be calculated. The solution is shown below.
hi/ho = - di/do
hi /(4.0 cm) = - (22.8 cm)/(45.7 cm)
hi = - (4.0 cm) • (22.8 cm)/(45.7 cm)
hi = -1.99 cm
The negative values for image height indicate that the image is an inverted image. As is often the case in physics, a negative or positive sign in front of the numerical value for a physical quantity represents information about direction. In the case of the image height, a negative value always indicates an inverted image.
From the calculations in this problem it can be concluded that if a 4.00-cm tall object is placed 45.7 cm from a concave mirror having a focal length of 15.2 cm, then the image will be inverted, 1.99-cm tall and located 22.8 cm from the mirror. The results of this calculation agree with the principles discussed earlier in this lesson. In this case, the object is located beyond the center of curvature (which would be two focal lengths from the mirror), and the image is located between the center of curvature and the focal point. This falls into the category of Case 1 : The object is located beyond C.
Now lets try a second example problem:
The +/- Sign Conventions
The sign conventions for the given quantities in the mirror equation and magnification equations are as follows:
f is + if the mirror is a concave mirror
f is - if the mirror is a convex mirror
di is + if the image is a real image and located on the object's side of the mirror.
di is - if the image is a virtual image and located behind the mirror.
hi is + if the image is an upright image (and therefore, also virtual)
hi is - if the image an inverted image (and therefore, also real)
Like many mathematical problems in physics, the skill is only acquired through much personal practice. Perhaps you would like to take some time to try the problems in the Check Your Understanding section below.