in an under-reinforced concrete beam where the neutral axis lies
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Why is a neutral axis shifted in over reinforced section & under reinforced section?
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Udayram Patil, Affiliate Member at American Society of Civil Engineers (2017-present)
Answered Feb 28, 2017
Neutral axis is a line which divides the structure in a such manner that the stress on the both side of line should be equal i.e. stress in section above the neutral axis(Concrete) is equal to stress in section below the neutral axis(concrete amd steel but mostly steel).
Now when we increase the steel in section, the N.A. shifts downwards to counteract the extra stress developed due to extra steel. But this shifting of N.A. also creates extra stress in section above the N.A. (i.e. concrete). So after some increments this stress crosses the limit of permissible stress in concrete which causes brittle failure of structure.
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4 ANSWERS

Udayram Patil, Affiliate Member at American Society of Civil Engineers (2017-present)
Answered Feb 28, 2017
Neutral axis is a line which divides the structure in a such manner that the stress on the both side of line should be equal i.e. stress in section above the neutral axis(Concrete) is equal to stress in section below the neutral axis(concrete amd steel but mostly steel).
Now when we increase the steel in section, the N.A. shifts downwards to counteract the extra stress developed due to extra steel. But this shifting of N.A. also creates extra stress in section above the N.A. (i.e. concrete). So after some increments this stress crosses the limit of permissible stress in concrete which causes brittle failure of structure.
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It lies in the middle
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