in briefly about vermicomposting toilet
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A composting toilet is a type of toilet that treats human excreta by a biological process called composting. This process leads to thedecomposition of organic matter and turns human excreta into compost. It is carried out by microorganisms (mainly bacteria andfungi) under controlled aerobic conditions.[2]Most composting toilets use no water for flushing and are therefore "dry toilets".
Composting toiletComposting toilet at Activism Festival 2010 in the mountains outside JerusalemPosition in sanitation chainUser interface, collection/treatment (on-site)[1]Application levelHousehold, neighborhood[1]Management levelHousehold, public, shared (most common is household level)[1]InputsFeces, urine, organics, dry cleansing materials[1]OutputsCompost, effluent[1]TypesSlow composting (or moldering) toilets, active composters (self-contained),vermifilter toiletsEnviromental concernsNone[1]
In many composting toilet designs, carbon additives such as sawdust, coconut coir, orpeat moss is added after each use. This practice creates air pockets in the human excreta to promote aerobic decomposition. This also improves the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and reduces potential odor. Most composting toilet systems rely on mesophiliccomposting. Longer retention time in the composting chamber also facilitatespathogen die-off. The end product can also be moved to a secondary system – usually another composting step – to allow more time for mesophilic composting to further reduce pathogens.
Composting toilets, together with the secondary composting step, produce ahumus-like endproduct that can be used to enrich soil if local regulations allow this. Some composting toilets have urine diversionsystems in the toilet bowl to collect the urine separately and control excess moisture. A "vermifilter toilet" is a composting toilet with flushing water where earthworms are used to promote decomposition to compost.
Composting toilets do not require a connection to septic tanks or sewer systemsunlike flush toilets.[2] Common applications include national parks, remote holiday cottages, ecotourism resorts, off-grid homesand rural areas in developing countries.
Composting toiletComposting toilet at Activism Festival 2010 in the mountains outside JerusalemPosition in sanitation chainUser interface, collection/treatment (on-site)[1]Application levelHousehold, neighborhood[1]Management levelHousehold, public, shared (most common is household level)[1]InputsFeces, urine, organics, dry cleansing materials[1]OutputsCompost, effluent[1]TypesSlow composting (or moldering) toilets, active composters (self-contained),vermifilter toiletsEnviromental concernsNone[1]
In many composting toilet designs, carbon additives such as sawdust, coconut coir, orpeat moss is added after each use. This practice creates air pockets in the human excreta to promote aerobic decomposition. This also improves the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and reduces potential odor. Most composting toilet systems rely on mesophiliccomposting. Longer retention time in the composting chamber also facilitatespathogen die-off. The end product can also be moved to a secondary system – usually another composting step – to allow more time for mesophilic composting to further reduce pathogens.
Composting toilets, together with the secondary composting step, produce ahumus-like endproduct that can be used to enrich soil if local regulations allow this. Some composting toilets have urine diversionsystems in the toilet bowl to collect the urine separately and control excess moisture. A "vermifilter toilet" is a composting toilet with flushing water where earthworms are used to promote decomposition to compost.
Composting toilets do not require a connection to septic tanks or sewer systemsunlike flush toilets.[2] Common applications include national parks, remote holiday cottages, ecotourism resorts, off-grid homesand rural areas in developing countries.
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