Question

in detail with the complete aim, requirements, procedure, observation and result of the following activity along with diagrams of rusting of iron
plz tell me ​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

When a piece of iron metal is exposed to humid atmosphere, its gets covered with a red brown substance called "Rust". Rusting of iron can be explained on the basis of electro CHEMICAL THEORY as follows :

1. Water vapours on the surface of the metal dissolved carbon-dioxide and oxygen from the air. Thus the surface of metal is covered with the solution of carbon-dioxide with water, i.e. carbonic acid :-

H2O + CO2 ======> H2CO3 ---------- (i)

This acts as an electrolytic solution of the cell. The carbonic acid and water dissociate to a small extent as follows:

H2CO3 <======> 2 H+ +CO32-

H2O <======> H+ +OH- ---------- (ii)

2. Iron in contact with the dissolved CO2 and O2 undergoes oxidation as follows :-

Fe =========> Fe++ + 2e– -------------(iii)

As a result iron is converted into ferrous (Fe++) ion.

3. The electrons lost by iron are taken up by the H+ ions present on the surface of metal which were produced by the dissociation of H2CO3 and H2O. Thus H+ ions are converted into Hatoms.

H+ + e– =======> H ----------- (iv)

Thus H atoms either react with the dissolved oxygen or oxygen from air to from water.

4H + O2 ======> 2H2O ---------- (v)

The complete reaction may be written as :-

O2+ 4H+ + 4e– ======>2 H2O ------- (vi)

The dissolved oxygen may take up electrons directly to from OH– ions as follows :

O2 + 2H2O + 4e– ======> 4OH– ------(vii)

The over all reaction of the miniature cell will be :-

2Fe(s) + O2(g) + 4H+ (aq) ===> 2Fe++(aq)+2H2O(l)

4. The ferrous ions formed react with the dissolved oxygen or oxygen from air to from ferric oxid as follows :

4Fe++ + O2 + 4H2O ======> 2Fe2O3 + 8H+ (aq)

Ferric oxide then undergoes hydration to form RUST as follows :-

Fe2O3 + xH2O =======> Fe2O3 xH2O

Hydrated ferric oxide (RUST)

Requirements

Apparatus :

i) Boiling tubes

ii) Rubber stopper

iii) Iron nails

iv) Burner

v) Test tube, Holder & Stand

Chemicals :

i) Distilled Water

ii) Dilute HCL

iii) Dilute NaCl Solution

iv) Anhydrous Calcium Chloride

v) Cotton

vi) Mustard Oil

Procedure - Iron Rusting

i) Take five dry test tubes and mark them A, B, C, D and E. Take 10 pieces of iron nails free from rust.

ii) Moist two iron nails with distilled water and slide it in the test tube marked ‘A’ close the mouth of the tube.

iii) In the test tube ‘B’ take 5 ml of water and boil it so as to remove dissolved air. Slide two nails in this test tube and few drops of mustard oil so as to cover the surface of H2O.