In ditylenchus and aphelenchoides the resisitant stages are
Answers
Explanation:
12.3.5.2.3 Nematodes
The nematodes of the genera Rotylenchulus, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, and others cause significant damage to pineapple plants. Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) and root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) are widespread in all pineapple-growing areas in the region. They are the most damaging of all nematodes in pineapple fields, causing stunting, yellowing, and dieback of plants as well as plant degeneration mainly as a result of formation of galls on the roots that disrupt the normal functioning. Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) also causes major losses. Spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and ring nematode (Criconemella ornata) are also common in pineapple fields, although they do not cause any economic damage. Generally, infested plants show characteristic signs of nutrient deficiency and drought stress due to the disruption of the plant’s ability for nutrient uptake from soils.