In each scenario, a stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is being described. Identify the stage that the person is currently in. Give reasons to support your answer. Scenario 1 Jordan tried to listen to the teacher as she reviewed key concepts that would be on the test, but he couldn't concentrate. He knew he needed to pass this test or else he would end up in summer school. His mom would be so upset if that happened because money had been tight since she lost her job. Jordan tried to refocus on the teacher but was soon interrupted by his growling belly. He couldn't remember the last time he had a good breakfast. Scenario 2 This was it—her big debut. Julia was both nervous and excited at the same time. She had practiced for months for opening night as the lead in this year's musical. All her relatives and friends were in the audience. Most of all, she wanted to make her parents proud of her for all the time and money they spent getting her to dance lessons, recitals, and acting lessons. She wanted to shine tonight and show the world what she could do. Scenario 3 Matt carried the load of boxes into the store and started unpacking them to put the items on the shelves. He had been working at his dad's electronics store for about a year. The business was doing okay, but he wanted to go to school to become a computer technician. His parents did not have the extra money for tuition. That meant that he would have to give up some of the money he had saved from working to pay for school. Lately, his dad had been having some heart problems, and Matt was worried about leaving him without help.
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Answer:
The 5 Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
By Kendra Cherry Reviewed by David Susman, PhD on June 03, 2020
What motivates human behavior? Maslow's hierarchy of needs is one of the best-known theories of motivation. According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions are motivated in order to achieve certain needs.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" and his subsequent book Motivation and Personality. This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs.
While some of the existing schools of thought at the time (such as psychoanalysis and behaviorism) tended to focus on problematic behaviors, Maslow was much more interested in learning about what makes people happy and the things that they do to achieve that aim.
As a humanist, Maslow believed that people have an inborn desire to be self-actualized, that is, to be all they can be. In order to achieve these ultimate goals, however, a number of more basic needs must be met such as the need for food, safety, love, and self-esteem.1
There are five different levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Let's take a closer look at Maslow’s needs starting at the lowest level, known as physiological needs.
Overview of Needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Verywell / Joshua Seong
Maslow's hierarchy is most often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, while the most complex needs are at the top of the pyramid.
Needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security.
As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy becomes important.
Further up the pyramid, the need for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Like Carl Rogers, Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve individual potential.
Deficiency Needs vs. Growth Needs
Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior.2 Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are deficiency needs, which arise due to deprivation. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences.
Maslow termed the highest level of the pyramid as growth needs. These needs don't stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person.
While the theory is generally portrayed as a fairly rigid hierarchy, Maslow noted that the order in which these needs are fulfilled does not always follow this standard progression. For example, he noted that for some individuals, the need for self-esteem is more important than the need for love. For others, the need for creative fulfillment may supersede even the most basic needs.
Physiological Needs
The basic physiological needs are probably fairly apparent—these include the things that are vital to our survival. Some examples of physiological needs include:
Food
Water
Breathing
Homeostasis
In addition to the basic requirements of nutrition, air and temperature regulation, the physiological needs also include such things as shelter and clothing. Maslow also included sexual reproduction in this level of the hierarchy of needs since it is essential to the survival and propagation of the species.
Security and Safety Needs
As we move up to the second level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the requirements start to become a bit more complex. At this level, the needs for security and safety become primary.
People want control and order in their lives. So, this need for safety and security contributes largely to behaviors at this level. Some of the basic security and safety needs include:
Financial security
Heath and wellness
Safety against accidents and injury
Finding a job, obtaining health insurance and health care, contributing money to a savings account, and moving into a safer neighborhood are all examples of actions motivated by the security and safety needs.
Together, the safety and physiological levels of the hierarchy make up what is often referred to as the basic needs.