Question

In formation of metal carbonyls which orbitals are involved in the overlap. Explain!

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Answer 1

hey......during the formation of carbonyls ,the vacant d-orbitals are overlapped by the filling carbons sigma-orbitals.

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Answer 2

In formation of metal carbonyls orbitals involved in overlapping are s,p or d orbitals of metal to which block the metal belong and sp orbital of carbonyl. There are two bonds and the bonding is explained below:--

• Metal carbonyl is an example of metal and ligend bonding where ligend is carbonyl group i.e. carbon monoxide.

• Carbon monoxide bonds to metal atom using pi bond.

• As the bond is due to three components so it has partial triple bond character.

• Sigma bond is formed due to overlap of non-bonding sp hybridised electron pair on carbon with that of s, p or d orbital.

• There are two pi bonds that arise due to overlapping of filled d orbitals on metal with pair of pi anti bond projecting from carbon atom of carbon monoxide.

• As the electron from metal fill pi anti-bond of carbon monoxide so carbon oxygen bond is weaken and metal carbon gets strengthened.

• Because of multiple bonds M-CO linkage, the distance between metal and carbon is shorter than 1.8 A.

• Bond is formed between d orbitals of metal, if the metal is from d block, to the pi anti-bond orbital of carbon monoxide forming a back bond.