in how many categories the separation of the components of a mixture can be divided define all the method in each category and either draw figure
give answer
Answers
Answer:
To separate the components of a mixture using the following techniques:
Separating funnel
Chromatography
Centrifugation
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
The Theory
How is a homogeneous mixture different from a heterogeneous mixture?
Most materials in our surroundings are mixtures of two or more components. Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in composition, but heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform in composition.
Air is a homogeneous mixture and oil in water is a heterogeneous mixture. Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures can be separated into their components by several physical methods. The choice of separation techniques is based on the type of mixture and difference in the chemical properties of the constituents of a mixture.
What are types of separation techniques?
Various types of separation processes are:
Crystallization
Filtration
Decantation
Sublimation
Evaporation
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Chromatography
Centrifugation
Separating funnel
Magnetic separation
Precipitation
Let’s discuss some of the separation techniques
Using a separating funnel:
A separating funnel is used for the separation of components of a mixture between two immiscible liquid phases. One phase is the aqueous phase and the other phase is an organic solvent. This separation is based on the differences in the densities of the liquids. The liquid having more density forms the lower layer and the liquid having less density forms the upper layer.
Applications:
To separate a mixture of oil and water.
To separate a mixture of kerosene oil and water.
Chromatography:
Chromatography is a separation technique used to separate the different components in a liquid mixture. It was introduced by a Russian Scientist Michael Tswett. Chromatography involves the sample being dissolved in a particular solvent called mobile phase. The mobile phase may be a gas or liquid. The mobile phase is then passed through another phase called stationary phase. The stationary phase may be a solid packed in a glass plate or a piece of chromatography paper.
The various components of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate. There are different types of techniques such as column chromatography, TLC, paper chromatography, and gas chromatography.
Paper chromatography is one of the important methods. Paper chromatography uses paper as the stationary phase and a liquid solvent as the mobile phase. In paper chromatography, the sample is placed on a spot on the paper and the paper is carefully dipped into a solvent. The solvent rises up the paper due to capillary action and the components of the mixture rise up at different rates and thus are separated from one another.
Applications:
Answer:
Methods of separation of substances:-
1. WINNOWING: Winnowing is based on the fact that if the mixture is containing two components and one is lighter than the other one, then both the components can be separated by a blow of air. Mixture is allowed to fall from a height. Lighter component gets separated from the heavier component due to wind.
EXAMPLE: Separating husk from grain.
2. HAND PICKING: The method in which substances in a mixture can be separated by just picking them out with the help of hand from the mixture is known as handpicking method of separation.
EXAMPLE: Separating stones from pulses.
3. Magnetic Separation: Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials. The process that is used for magnetic separation detaches non-magnetic material with those which are magnetic.
EXAMPLE: Separating iron fillings from a mixture of iron and copper fillings.