In India it is difficult to make a clear distinction between the old and new social movements. Discuss.
Answers
Answer: A great many students and office-workers around the world go to work only for five or six days. And rest on the weekends. Yet, very few people who relax on their day off realise that this holiday is the outcome of a long struggle by workers. That the work-day should not exceed eight hours, that men and women should be paid equally for doing the same work, that workers are entitled to social security and pension – these and many other rights were gained through social movements. Social movements have shaped the world we live in and continue to do so.
We often assume that the rights we enjoy just happened to exist. It is important to recall the struggles of the past, which made these rights possible. You have read about the 19th century social reform movements, of the struggles against caste and gender discrimination and of the nationalist movement in India that brought us independence from colonial rule in 1947. You are familiar also with the many nationalist movements around the world in Asia and Africa and Americas that put an end to colonial rule. The socialist movements world over, the civil rights movement in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s that fought for equal rights for Blacks, the anti apartheid struggle in South Africa have all changed the world in fundamental ways. Social movements not only change societies. They also inspire other social movements. You saw in chapter 3 how the Indian national movement shaped the making of the Indian Constitution. And how in turn the Indian Constitution played a major role in bringing about social change.
Explanation:
Answer:
Social movements such as working class movements and farmers ' steps or anti-colonial movements were developed over most of the twentieth century.
Explanation:
While anti-colonial movements put together entire communities in struggles for national independence, class groups united classes in the fight for their rights.
Thus, class-based or National Liberation battles have been the broadest social movements of the last century. Throughout your research you have been reading books on the labor struggles throughout Europe, which have given rise to the communist international movement. These movements have contributed to the growth of capitalism in addition to bringing together communicationist and socialist states around the globe, most especially in the Soviet Union, China and Cuba.
Throughout the decades after World War II, the empire ended and the nationalist revolutions throughout India, Egypt, Indonesia and several other countries established new nation states. During the 1960s and early 1970s there has been another surge of social movements since then. It was the period of the Vietnam war when armies led by the U.S. participated in a brutal struggle against communist guerrillas in the former French colony.