Question

In India political parties are classified into​

Answer 1

Answer:

The major ways in which the Indian parties can be classified are as follows:

In terms of geographical spread there are four types of Parties, All India parties, trans-regional parties, regional parties and local parties. In terms of orientation, there are parties of left, right, centre and leader oriented parties. Please mark me as brainliest

Explanation:

(i) All India political parties or National Parties:

All-India political parties have been officially defined as those national parties with broad-based national support and able to win at least six per cent of valid votes polled in any four or more States at the general elections to the Lok Sabha or to the Legislative Assembly and in addition win at least four seats in the Lok Sabha from any State or States.

The other criteria is that a political party wins at least two per cent seats in the Lok Sabha from at least three different States. There should be a minimum of 11 MPs among the 543 directly elected representatives, thereby giving weight-age to party presence in the Lok Sabha.

(ii) Regional Parties:  

The second group consists of regional parties, which clearly represent sub- regional nationalism based upon the common language, culture and history of a region. These parties try to aggregate regional interests regardless of the caste and religious affiliations of their members.  

Their power base and voting strength are confined to a particular geographic area. The following are the best known regional parties: DMK and ADMK (Tamil Nadu); Telugu Desam (Andhra Pradesh), the National Conference (Jammu & Kashmir), and Assam Gana Parishad (Assam).  

(iii) Commercial Parties:

The third group includes those parties and organisations that are exclusive in their membership; that is, they accept as members only those inhabitants of a particular religious or ethnic community.  

They seek to protect and promote the interest of that particular community alone, are basically non-aggregative in their nature, and generally mobilize their supporters by appealing to their particularist sentiments. The following parties fall into this category: Muslim League (Kerala) and Akali Dal (Punjab).  

(iv) Ad hoc Parties:

The last group of parties consists of those organised around powerful persons or local and state issues. Such parties may not survive very long; some may appear only for a short period and then disappear completely or merge into other parties. The Bangla Congress, the Kerala Congress; the BKD of Charan Singh are some examples of such ad hoc parties

Answer 2

Answer:

India has a multi-party system. It is basically of four types;

• National parties
• Regional parties
• Commercial parties
• Ad hoc parties

Explanation:

National Parties:

• According to official definitions, all-India political parties are those with broad-based support on the national level that are able to win at least 6% of the valid votes cast in any four or more States during the general elections for the Lok Sabha or the Legislative Assembly, as well as at least four seats in the Lok Sabha from any State or States.
• A political party must also win at least 2% of the seats in the Lok Sabha from at least three distinct States in order to meet the other requirement.
• The 543 directly elected representatives should each have a minimum of 11 MPs, which will give party presence in the Lok Sabha more weight.

Regional parties:

• Regional parties make up the second group; they unmistakably express sub-regional nationalism based on a region's shared language, culture, and history.
• Regardless of the caste and religious connections of their members, these parties attempt to unite regional interests.
• Their support base and voting power are restricted to a specific geographic region.
• The most well-known regional parties are the National Conference (Jammu & Kashmir), Telugu Desam (Andhra Pradesh), DMK and ADMK (Tamil Nadu), and Assam Gana Parishad (Assam).

Commercial parties:

• The third category of organisations and parties consists of those that are exclusive in their membership, meaning that they only admit people who belong to a specific ethnicity or religion.
• Since they are essentially non-aggregative in nature and frequently mobilise their followers by appealing to their particularist feelings, they work solely to safeguard and advance the interests of that particular group.
• This group includes the following parties: Kerala Muslim League and Akali Dal (Punjab).

Ad hoc parties:

• Parties centred on influential people or regional or national issues make up the final type of political parties.
• These parties might not last very long; some might only exist briefly before disappearing entirely or combining with other parties.
• Such ad hoc parties include the BKD of Charan Singh, the Kerala Congress, the Bangla Congress, and others.

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