Question

In Massai land elsewhere in Africa not all pastoralist we are equally affected by the changes in the Colonial period justify the statement

Answer 1

 Their grazing grounds shrank because their movements were regulated.

 By the Criminal Tribes Act many communities were classified as the Criminal Tribes.

Answer 2

In Maasai land, not all pastoralists were equally affected by the changes in the colonial period. It was because:

1. In the pre-colonial period, the Maasai society was divided into two social categories— the elders and the warriors. While the elders looked after the administration of the clan, the warriors were responsible for the protection of the tribe.
2. The warriors were mainly responsible for the protection of the tribe. They defended the community and organised cattle raids. To administer the affairs of the Maasai, the British introduced a series of measures. They appointed a chief of different sub-groups of Maasai, who were made responsible for the affairs of the tribe. The British imposed various restrictions on raiding and warfare affecting the traditional authority of both elders and warriors.
3. The chiefs appointed by the colonial government often accumulated wealth over time. They had a regular income with which they could buy animals, goods and land. These chiefs managed to survive the devastations of war and drought.
4. But the common people of the tribes suffered during the colonial rule. The poor pastoralists had no money and only their cattle to live on. During droughts, they almost lost everything. They then moved to the towns in search of work. Many of them got regular work in road and building construction.