Question

in oil tankers some space is left at the top while filling them explain why

Answer 1

When a moving oil tanker suddenly stops, the oil inside the tanker continues to be in the state of motion due to inertia of motion. As a result it splashes in the forward direction. Similarly, when a stationary tanker suddenly sets into motion, the oil inside the tanker splashes in the backward direction. If no space is left at the top of the oil, it will overflow. Therefore, to prevent any overflow of the oil due to sudden start or stop of the tanker, some space is left vacant at the top while filling the tanker...

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Answer 2

during the transportation the soil may rise up due to sudden movement. If some space is left, the oil will take some time to reach the top of the tanker and hence it will exert less force on the tanker. this will prevent the damage caused by overflowing of the soil.