Question

In Pteridophytes how is female gametophyte retained on parent sporophyte? Sporophyte releases spores that grow to gametophyte bearing both antheridia and archegonia gametes fuse and sporophyte is formed then how is female gametophyte retained on parent sporophyte ? Kindly Explain

Answer 1

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In pteridophytes: The megaspores and microspores germinate and give rise to female and male gametophytes, respectively. The female gametophytes in these plants are retained on the parent sporophytes for variable periods. The development of the zygotes into young embryos take place within the female gametophytes. This event is a precursor to the seed habit considered an important step in evolution.

Answer 2

Pteridophytes

Explanation:

• Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to  possess vascular tissues – xylem and phloem
• In pteridophytes, the  main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root,  stem and leaves
• These organs possess well-differentiated  vascular tissues
• The sporophytes bear  sporangia that are subtended by leaf-like appendages called  sporophylls
• The  sporangia produce spores by meiosis in spore mother cells,the spores  germinate to give rise to inconspicuous, small but multicellular,free-living, mostly photosynthetic thalloid gametophytes called  prothallus
• These gametophytes require cool, damp, shady places to  grow, because of this specific restricted requirement and the need for  water for fertilization, the spread of living pteridophytes is limited and  restricted to narrow geographical regions
• The gametophytes bear male  and female sex organs called antheridia and archegonia, respectively
• Water is required for transfer of antherozoids – the male gametes released  from the antheridia, to the mouth of archegonium
• Fusion of male gamete  with the egg present in the archegonium result in the formation of zygote
• Zygote thereafter produces a multicellular well-differentiated sporophyte  which is the dominant phase of the pteridophytes