Question

In the 18th century
where did the Industrial Revolution
take place , which led to the
establishment of big factories in
different parts of the country and
Indian raw material started to move
their? ​

Answer 1

Industrial Revolution, in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world. Although used earlier by French writers, the term Industrial Revolution was first popularized by the English economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe Britain’s economic development from 1760 to 1840. Since Toynbee’s time the term has been more broadly applied. The main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were technological, socioeconomic, and cultural.

The technological changes included the following:

(1) the use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel,

2) the use of new energy sources, including both fuels and motive power, such as coal, the steam engine, electricity, petroleum, and the internal-combustion engine,

(3) the invention of new machines, such as the spinning jenny and the power loom that permitted increased production with a smaller expenditure of human energy,

(4) a new organization of work known as the factory system, which entailed increased division of labour and specialization of function,

(5) important developments in transportation and communication, including the steam locomotive, steamship, automobile, airplane, telegraph, and radio, and

(6) the increasing application of science to industry. These technological changes made possible a tremendously increased use of natural resources and the mass production of manufactured goods.