In the early-20th century, Adolf Hitler was the leader of this fascist movement known for its repressive government and genocidal social policies.
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Fascism in Europe was composed of numerous ideologies present during the 20th century which all developed their own differences from each other. Fascism was born in Italy, but subsequently several movements across Europe which took influence from the Italian faction emerged. Purists assert that the term "fascism" should only be used to mean the ideology of the National Fascist Party under Benito Mussolini in Italy, which ruled from 1922 to 1943. However, commonly other European regimes that showed strong similarities to Mussolini's governing are also described as fascist. European regimes often described as fascist or being strongly related to fascism include:
National Fascist Party/Republican Fascist Party in Italy and the Italian Social Republic under Benito Mussolini (1922-1945)
Falange in Spain under Francisco Franco (1937–1975)
Fatherland Front in Austria under Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg (1934–1938)
4th of August Regime in Greece under Ioannis Metaxas (1936–1941)
Iron Guard in Romania led by Horia Sima in conjunction with the Romanian military dictatorship under Ion Antonescu (1940–1941)
National Union in Portugal under António de Oliveira Salazar (1933–1968)
Nazi Party of Germany under Adolf Hitler (1933–1945)
Slovak People's Party in Slovakia under Jozef Tiso (1939–1945)
Yugoslav Radical Union in Yugoslavia under Milan Stojadinović (1935-1939)
National Partnership in Bohemia and Moravia under Emil Hácha (1939-1945)
During the Second World War, Nazi Germany established numerous fascist/fascist related regimes across occupied Europe, these may not fully espouse the form of fascism established by Mussolini however they were authoritarian, nationalist and staunchly pro-Axis powers: