Question

in the growth of natural vegetation.
3. What are the main causes for the degradation of natural vegetation?
4. Describe the uniqueness of wildlife in Africa, Australia and South America.
5. What is the role of Biosphere Reserves in protecting the plant and animal kin​

Answer 1

Explanation:

3. Destruction of natural vegetation is primarily caused by deforestation. Other major causes are wildfire and overexploitation. Deforestation not only occurs as a result of firewood extraction by the local population but also as a result of the creation of arable as well as pastoral land

4. SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa is one of the world's natural gems; a treasure nestled at the southern tip of the abundant African continent. Visitors from all around the world descend on the country to take advantage of the stunning climate, accommodation, hotels, game reserves, natural attractions, and, of course, the huge variety of wildlife.

The landscapes of South Africa offer the full spectrum of habitat types (from dense green forests to arid deserts, and everything in-between), making them ideal for thousands of species. These include exciting predators, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and a huge variety of fascinating insects. These different species are found in plentiful abundance in the game reserves and national parks of the country, as well as in the wild and natural countryside, where they live free.

The Big 5 is one of the main attractions to South Africa in terms of its wildlife. This group includes the African Elephant, Cape Buffalo, Lion, Black Rhino, and Leopard. This combination of predator and mighty terrestrial mammals makes for a once-in-a-lifetime sighting of some of the world’s most impressive species.

AUSTRALIA

The fauna of Australia consists of a huge variety of animals; some 83% of mammals, 89% of reptiles, 90% of fish and insects and 93% of amphibians that inhabit the continent are endemic to Australia.[2] This high level of endemism can be attributed to the continent's long geographic isolation, tectonic stability, and the effects of an unusual pattern of climate change on the soil and flora over geological time. A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals.

SOUTH AMERICA

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Animal life

South American animal life is particularly rich and well diversified as a result of the wide range of habitats. Moreover, because of its isolation from the rest of the world during Paleogene and Neogene times (about 66 to 2.6 million years ago), the South American landmass is characterized by considerable biological originality. Many animals belong to exclusive groups, and even at the family level the percentage of endemic forms is high. Speciation has reached a higher degree in South America than in other parts of the world. Nonetheless, there are some similarities between South America’s fauna and that of other continents as a result of past geologic developments

5. Biosphere Reserves: These reserves are intended to protect and conserve the diverse flora and fauna found in the country. Every plant and animal species will be protected in these reserves. ... The living species, both plant and animal need to be protected and preserved in their natural form.

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Answer 2

3. Main causes for degradation of natural vegetation –

• Deforestation
• Excessive use of fertilisers and pesticides
• Overgrazing

4. Africa, Australia and South America contain different types of wildlife.

5. Role of biosphere reserves in protecting plant and animal kin –

(1) It helps in conservation of wildlife of area.

(2) It helps to maintain the biodiversity of the area.

(3) It helps to preserve the natural ecological conditions in the area.