In the late 1830s the East India Company became worried about Russia. It imagined that Russia might expand across Asia and enter India from the north-west. Driven by this fear, the British now wanted to secure their control over the north-west. What did the British do to achieve this?
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Answer:
Both were mainly interested in new sea ports in Central Asia. Britain sought to protect its interests in India and stop Russian expansion. Both were on a quest for world dominance, starting with Central Asia. It thought that Russia might expand across Asia and enter India from the north-western region. Driven by this fear, the British now wanted to secure their control over the north-west. They fought a long war with Afghanistan between 1838 and 1842 and established indirect rule of the Company there.
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Company Rule Expands
After the Battle of Buxar, the Company appointed Resident Officers in Indian states. They were political or commercial agents, and their job was to serve and further the interests of the Company.
Soon, the Company began forcing the Indian states into joining a subsidiary alliance (a partnership between a ruling country and a country that is being ruled). According to the terms of this agreement, Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces, but were to be protected by the Company.
The local rulers also had to pay for the subsidiary forces that the Company promised to maintain for the purpose of their "protection".
And if the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away. The kingdoms of Awadh and Hyderabad, for example, were forced to cede territories on this ground.
Tipu Sultan – The “Tiger of Mysore”
When the company saw a threat to its political or economic interests, it resorted to direct military confrontation, as happened in Mysore and many other kingdoms.
Mysore had become powerful under rulers like Haider Ali and his son Tipu Sultan, and it controlled the profitable trade of the Malabar coast where the Company purchased pepper and cardamom.
Tipu Sultan, in 1785, stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper, and cardamom through the ports of his kingdom, and disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company. This angered the company very much.
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