In this experiment, membrane permeability is tested using the effect of antagonistic ions. Antagonistic ions mutually supress each others inherent actions. Calcium is a divalent cation with two positive charges and sodium is a monovalent cation with one positive charge. The effect of sodium ions on the increase in membrane permeability is counterbalanced by the effect of calcium ions in decreasing the permeability, with sodium ions and calcium ions in the ratio 2:1. Thus, one calcium ion would antagonise two sodium ions
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