In ultrafiltration of a solution of protein, solute transport from the membrane interface toward the bulk under the effect of the concentration gradient is due to the phenomenon of
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The high concentration at the upstream face of the membrane causes osmotic back-pressure, resulting in back-flow of permeate (solvent) towards the retentate. ... Solute transport from the membrane interface towards the bulk under the effect of the concentration gradient (back-diffusion).
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