Question

In what way was the administration of the British East India company different from that of Indian Rulers

Answer 1

Answer:

The administration of the Company was different from that of the Indian rulers in the following ways:

(i) The Company laid down sound administrative system in India. British territories were broadly divided into administrative units called Presidencies. There were three such Presidencies – Bengal, Madras and Bombay. On the other hand, under the Indian rulers administration was divided into four parts – District (Zila), Paragana, Tehsil and Villages.

(ii) Each presidency was under the charge of the governors whereas the Indian Administrative unit was ruled by local zamindars and peasants.

(iii) The supreme head of the administration was the Governor-General but under the Indian administrative system, the King or Nawab was the head of the supreme head.

(iv) A new judicial system was introduced from 1772. Each district had two courts- a criminal court known as ‘faujdari adalat’ and a civil court ‘diwani adalat’. Maulvis and Hindu pandits interpreted Indian laws for the European district collectors who presided over civil courts. The criminal courts were still under a qazi and a mufti but under the supervision of the collectors.

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