In what ways the working population in Russia differ from other countries before 1971
Answers
Working population of Russia was vastly different from working population of other European countries:
(i) About 85% of the Russians even in the early 20th century were agriculturists. This proportion was much higher than other European countries e.g., in France and in Germany the proportion was between 40% and 50%.
(ii) Unlike Europe, in Russia, industrialisation started late, in the last quarter of the 19th century. Industries were found in small pockets. Craftsmen existed alongside large factories.
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(iii) Workers were a divided social group. Divisions were based on skills. Divisions led to workers being denied even basic rights of 8-hour day and minimum wages.
(iv) Workers continued to maintain strong links with the villages they came from. Women made 31% of factory labour.
(v) Like workers, peasants too were divided. These divisions were accentuated due to religious sentiments. The rich peasants were called Kulaks. Unlike European peasants, Russian peasants had no respect for nobles. Many were driven to grab land of nobles. They lived a life of subsistence were rebellious violent, frequently refused to pay rent and even murdered their landlord.wer:
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Explanation:
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The working population in European countries was a more united lot than those in Russia. Workers in England and Germany formed associations and fought for better living and working conditions. Funds were set up by these Associations to help workers in distress. The workers in European countries were united in their demand for a reduction of working hours and the right to vote. Workers association also supported political parties and ultimately formed political parties themselves. The Labour Party in Britain and a Socialist Party in France are examples of political parties formed by socialists and trade unionists.
In total contrast to the working population in Europe, the Russian workers were not united. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. Workers whose jobs needed skill and training considered themselves on a higher plane than the untrained workers. Workers had strong links to the villages they came from and this also caused a social divide among workers. Workers’ associations rose dramatically in Russia also, as in Europe. They demanded reduced working hours and higher wages. The workers were suppressed by the government.