Question

In which form of microorganisms are used in vaccines?

Answer 1

They can be used for the development of vaccines and antibiotics. It is critical that scientists find new cures for simple bacterium that are multiply resistant to treatment such as MRSA, VRE, VRSA and ESBLs. Also, many of the Tuberculosis bacterium are also resistant to treatment. The problem occurred when cures for resistance to a primary antibiotic were developed ; physicians prescribed the secondary antibiotic for infections that could have been cured by the primary antibiotic. An example: Staph aureus used to be sensitive to penicillin. Some strains mutated and produced beta-lactams which made them resistant to penicillin. Antibiotics were developed to treat the beta-lactam Staph, Drs. prescribed them instead of Penicillin. Some populations then developed Methicillin resistance; MRSA- that could only be treated with Vancomycin. VRE, or Vancomycin resistant Strep unfortunantly passed their Vancomycin resistance to MRSA, which lead to VRSA.

The ESBLs are getting extremely resistant as well.

Both vaccines for those organisms or new antibiotics must be developed. If not, people will die of infections as they did prior to the development of Penicillin.

Answer 2

Microorganisms are used in vaccines either in attenuated form or their genetic material is used as in 3rd generation vaccines.