In which of the following can filtration separate the components of the mixture? * 1 point Egg albumin & water Alum & water Sand & water Starch & water
Answers
Answer:
Filtration is a separation process in which a mixture is passed through a filter that allows one component to pass through uninhibited but blocks another component from passing through.
In general this method sorts by size, with the filter acting as a barrier that allows smaller particles to go through but keeps larger particles back.
Think of a colander separating spaghetti from water or a coffee filter holding back coffee grounds while water passes through.
order to sort these mixtures, the components must be noticeably different in size/composition. Therefore the mixture must be heterogeneous.
Another example would be an air filter which helps to remove solids like dust or pollen in HCAC systems to give better air quality inside of your home.
A laboratory example
You can produce solid calcium carbonate (chalk) by combining aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate.
CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
The CaCO3
forms as a precipitate.
The mixture can be poured through a funnel with a filter paper inserted.
The
CaCO3
is trapped by the paper, but the
NaCl
passes through the filter paper with the water.
The video below shows how filtration can be used to separate calcium carbonate (chalk) from water.
What happens when clay or sand is mixed with water? Would you be able to see through a mixture of clay and water? The mixture of clay or sand with water is muddy. The small clay particles become suspended in the water. This kind of mixture is called a suspension. Suspensions are opaque; that means they are cloudy and we cannot see through them very well.
What happens when sugar is mixed with water? Does the mixture become muddy? Why not? The sugar dissolves in the water and the mixture is called a solution. Solutions are clear; that means we can see through them.
Milk is not a single substance, but actually a mixture of two liquids! The one liquid component in milk is water, and the other is fatty oil. The reason milk is opaque is that tiny droplets of the oil is suspended in the water. Can you remember what a mixture is called when a solid is suspended in liquid?
When some liquids are suspended in liquid, we call the mixture an emulsion. Like suspensions, emulsions tend to be opaque.
Many things around us occur naturally as mixtures: salty sea water, moist air, soil, compost, rocks (mixture of minerals) to name a few. Many mixtures are man made, for instance; Coca Cola, paint, salad dressing and so forth.
Mixtures are very useful. However, sometimes we need to separate mixtures into their components. Remember that the substances in a mixture have not combined chemically. They have not turned into new substances, but are still the same substances as before - they have just been physically combined. That is why we can use physical methods to separate them again.
Methods of physical separation
Now that we know about the different kinds of mixtures that are possible, we are going to learn about some ways of separating them.
How do we separate mixtures?
sieve
filtration
filtrate
magnetic
grain
residue
Suppose you were given a basket of apples and oranges. How would you sort them? You would probably pick out all the oranges from the apples by hand. The same method may not be suitable for all mixtures. You would probably not consider sorting sugar and sand grains by hand. Why not?
Let us look at some of the most commonly used methods of physical separation.
Hand sorting
Sieving
Can you think of a practical way to sort stones or pebbles from sand? Do you think picking the pebbles out by hand would work?
When we have large quantities of materials to sort and the different particles have different sizes, we can sieve the mixture. The smaller particles will fall through the openings in the sieve, while the larger particles stay behind.
Filtration
When the particles in a mixture are too small to be caught by a sieve and when the components of the mixture are in different states, we can separate them by filtration using a filter.
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The answer is '3) Sand and water.'
Filtration
- Filtration refers to the process where the solute and the solvent are separated by the passing of the solution through a filter paper.
- Sand and water do not form a solution. They do not mix. Thus, they are separated when the mixture is poured over a filter paper. The sand gets caught, and the clean water is passed through the paper.
- Egg albumin and water are miscible and cannot be separated by mere filtration.
- Alum and water form a sticky precipitate and cannot be separated by filtration.
- The starch and water solution is non-miscible, but its particles are too small to be caught in the filter paper. Thus, filtration is not used.
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