in which political theory related bakuni
Answers
Explanation:
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin[a] (/bəˈkuːnɪn/;[1] 30 May [O.S. 18 May] 1814 – 1 July 1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and one of the principal founders of the social anarchist tradition.[2] Bakunin's prestige as an activist also made him one of the most famous ideologues in Europe, gaining substantial influence amongst radicals throughout Russia and Europe.
Mikhail Bakunin
Bakunin Nadar.jpg
Born
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin
30 May 1814
Pryamukhino, Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Kuvshinovsky District, Tver Oblast of Russia)
Died
1 July 1876 (aged 62)
Bern, Switzerland
Era
19th century philosophy
Region
Russian philosophy
Western philosophy
School
Anarchism
Hegelianism (early)
Influences
Feuerbach, Buonarroti, Hegel, Herzen, Marx, Proudhon
Influenced
Chomsky, Kropotkin, Carlo Cafiero, Malatesta, Nechaev, Goldman, Korsch
Bakunin grew up in Pryamukhino, a family estate in Tver Governorate. From 1840, he studied in Saint Petersburg and then in Berlin, hoping to enter academia. Later in Paris he met Karl Marx and the father of anarchism,Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who became a profound influence on him.
Bakunin's increasing radicalism put to an end hopes of a professorial career. He was expelled from France for opposing Russia's ocupation of Poland. In 1849, he was apprehended in Dresden for his participation in the Czech rebellion of 1848 and deported to Russia where he was imprisoned first in Saint Petersburg and from 1854 at the Shlisselburg fortress, and finally being exiled to Siberia in 1857. Bakunin escaped to the United States via Japan and eventually to London where he worked with Alexander Herzen on the journal Kolokol (The Bell). In 1863, he left to join the insurrection in Poland, but he failed to reach his destination and instead spent time in Switzerland and Italy.
In 1868, Bakunin joined the International Working Men's Association, leading a anarchist Bakuninist faction to rapidly expand in influence. The 1872 Hague Congress was dominated by a struggle between Marx, a key figure in the General Council of the International, arguing for the use of the state to bring about socialism, and the Bakunin/anarchist faction, arguing instead for the replacement of the state by federations of self-governing workplaces and communes. Bakunin could not reach the Netherlands and in his absence, the Bakuninist faction lost and he was expelled for maintaining, in Marx's view, a secret organisation within the International.
From 1870 until his death 1876, Bakunin wrote his longer works, Statism and Anarchy and God and the State but remained a direct participant in European workers' and peasants' movements. In 1870, he was involved in an insurrection in Lyon, France. His health in decline, Bakunin also sought to take part in an anarchist insurection in Bologna, Italy, but was forced to return to Switzerland in disguise.
Bakunin is remembered as a major figure in the history of anarchism and as an opponent of Marxism, especially of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and for his astute predictions that Marxist regimes would be one-party dictatorships over the proletariat, not of the proletariat itself. His book, God and the State, has been widely translated and remains in print. Bakunin continues to be an influence on modern-day anarchists such as Noam Chomsky.[3] His biographer Mark Leier has writen that, "Bakunin had a significant influence on later thinkers, ranging from Peter Kropotkin and Errico Malatesta to the Wobblies and Spanish anarchists in the Civil War to Herbert Marcuse, E.P. Thompson, Neil Postman, and A.S. Neill, down to the anarchists gathered these days under the banner of 'anti-globalization.'"[4]