Question

In which type of soil surface will rain water runoff be maximum after heavy rains?
1)Sandy surface
2) Grassy surface
3) Impermeable surface
4) Nearly flat surface


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Answer 1

Answer:

When it rains, water falling to the surface of the soil will either infiltrate into the soil or run off along the surface. Part of the water that infiltrates into the soil will be absorbed by the upper soil layers and part will seep down into the deeper soil layers. The part of the water that does not or cannot infiltrate will run off along the surface of the soil.

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Answer 2

The topsoil will make the water flow higher after heavy rains are:

• Flow can cause severe erosion, especially in tropical and subtropical areas.
• In colder climates, frozen soil reduces water infiltration by higher cover thus leading to rainwater runoff or melting snow.
• That part of the rain, which begins to sink into the ground and travels sideways without connecting the water table to streams, rivers or the sea, is known as groundwater or central flow.
• A simple, widely used but less reliable method is the “Sensible Method,” which links rainfall and rainfall with a coefficient related to high cover characteristics (slope, cover type, presence, and crop type).

The standard formula is as follows:

• when: R = water flow;
• C = runoff coefficient;
• P = rain power.