Increased plasma levels of angiogenin and the risk of bladder carcinoma: from initiation to recurrence.
Answers
THE α2receptors are involved in regulating the autonomic and cardiovascular systems. α2Receptors are located on blood vessels, where they mediate vasoconstriction, and on sympathetic terminals, where they inhibit norepinephrine release. 1,2 α2receptors also are located within the central nervous system, 3 and their activation leads to sedation, a reduction of tonic levels of sympathetic outflow, and an augmentation of cardiac–vagal activity. 4–6 This can result in a decrease in heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO). 7,8 The use of α2agonists in the perioperative period has been associated with reduced anesthetic requirements and attenuated HR and blood pressure (BP) responses to stressful events. 9–12 In addition, α2receptors within the spinal cord modulate pain pathways, thereby providing some degree of analgesia. 13–15
Explanation:
Carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys. Like other types of cancer, carcinomas are abnormal cells that divide without control. They are able to spread to other parts of the body, but don't always.