India history from mogul time
Answers
Answer:
The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire, was an early-modern empire in South Asia.
Explanation:
The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire, was an early-modern empire in South Asia.[9] It is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, though its imperial structure is sometimes dated to 1600, during the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. Its imperial structure lasted for some two centuries, largely ending in 1720. Reduced to the region in an around Old Delhi, it was formally dissolved by the British only after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
A large centralized state,the empire was created and sustained by military campaigns. The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar.These taxes, paid in the well-regulated silver currency, amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator,but also caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets. The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion.Burgeoning European presence in the Indian ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw- and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts, causing more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite, and resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture.
The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur, a Timurid conqueror, over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted in the north by the Sur Empire established by Sher Shah Suri. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire began in 1556, with the ascension of Akbar to the throne. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib.
Internal dissatisfaction arose due to the weakness of the empire's administrative and economic systems, leading to its break-up and declarations of independence of its former provinces by the Nawabs of Bengal and Awadh, the Nizam of Hyderabad and other small states. In 1739, the Mughals were unfortunately defeated in the Battle of Karnal by the forces of Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty in Persia, and Delhi was sacked and looted, drastically accelerating their decline. By the mid-18th century, the Marathas had routed Mughal armies and won over several provinces from the Punjab to Bengal. During the following century Mughal power had become severely limited, and the last emperor, Bahadur Shah II, had authority over only the city of Shahjahanabad. As Bahadur had issued a firman supporting the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he was tried by the British East India Company for treason, imprisoned, and exiled to Rangoon.[16] The last remnants of the empire were formally taken over by the United Kingdom, thanks to the Government of India Act 1858 which granted direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj.
The reign of Shah Jahan (1628–1658) represented the height of Mughal architecture, with famous monuments such as the Taj Mahal, Moti Masjid, Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Badshahi Masjid and Lahore Fort.