india is a democratic republic
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India is a secular federal republic governed in a democratic parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society. India's population grew from 361 million in 1951 to 1,211 million in 2011.43 During the same time, its nominal per capita income, increased from $64 annually to $2,041, and its literacy rate from 16.6% to 74%. From being a comparatively destitute country in 1951,44 India has become a fast-growing major economy, a hub for information technology services, with an expanding middle class.45 It has a space program which includes several planned or completed lunar missions. Indian movies, music, and spiritual teachings play an increasing role in global culture.46 India has substantially reduced its rate of poverty, though at the cost of increasing economic inequality.47 India is a nuclear weapons state, which ranks high in military expenditure. It has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbors, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-20th century.48 Among the socioeconomic challenges India faces are gender inequality, child malnutrition,49 and rising levels of air pollution.50 India's land is megadiverse, with four biodiversity hotspots.51 Its forest cover comprises 21.4% of its area.52India's wildlife, which has traditionally been viewed with tolerance in India's culture,53 is supported among these forests, and elsewhere, in protected habitats.
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